SCIENCE AND LITERATURE 61 



spurs us. What we save in time we make up in 

 space; we must cover more surface. What we gain 

 in power and facility is more than added in the 

 length of the task. The needlewoman has her 

 sewing-machine, hut she must take ten thousand 

 stitches now where she took only ten before, and it 

 is prohably true that the second condition is worse 

 than the first. In the shoe factory, knife factory, 

 shirt factory, and all other factories, men and wo- 

 men work harder, look grimmer, suffer more in mind 

 and body, than under the old conditions of indus- 

 try. The iron of the machine enters the soul; 

 man becomes a mere tool, a cog or spoke or belt or 

 spindle. More work is done, but in what does it 

 all issue? Certainly not ui beauty, in power, in 

 character, in good manners, in finer men and wo- 

 men; but mostly in giving wealth and leisure to 

 people who use them to publish their own unfitness 

 for leisure and wealth. 



It may be said that science has added to the 

 health and longevity of the race; that the progress 

 in surgery, in physiology, in pathology, in thera- 

 peutics, has greatly mitigated human suffering and 

 prolonged life. This is unquestionably true; but 

 in this service science is but paying back with one 

 hand what it robbed us of with the other. With 

 its appliances, its machinery, its luxuries, its im- 

 munities, and its interference with the law of natu- 

 ral selection, it has made the race more delicate and 

 tender, and, if it did not arm them better against 

 disease also, we should all soon perish. An old 



