ETHIOPIAN REGION 99 
the Giraffes (Giraffa) represented by one species, which is the type 
of a family, and is unknown elsewhere. Equally characteristic are 
the Hippopotami, which likewise form the type of a family, while 
the Pigs are represented by the Wart-hogs (Phacocherus) and the 
River-hogs, forming an aberrant group of the genus Sus. The Oxen 
(Bos) are represented by Buffaloes, but there are no species of true 
Oxen or Bison. The Antelopes attain an extraordinary develop- 
ment, the number of species being estimated at from eighty to ninety, 
which are referred to a large number of genera, although several of 
these are more or less ill defined. Most of these genera are peculiar 
to this region, but the Gazelles (Gazella) are also found in the desert 
regions of other parts of the Old World, and Orya ranges into Arabia 
and Persia. In contrast to this abundance of Antelopes is the total 
absence of the Deer family, or Cervidw, which are so characteristic 
of the Palearctic and Oriental regions. The Chevrotains or 
Tragulide are, however, represented by Dorcatherium.1 In the 
Perissodactyle section we may notice the presence of two species 
of Rhinoceros, both furnished with two horns, and distinguished from 
those of the Oriental region by the absence of incisor and canine 
teeth. The Horse family (Zquide) is also represented by several 
species, and includes the peculiar group of Zebras, characterised 
by their beautifully striped skins. Of other Ungulates the Ele- 
phants, which, like the Rhinoceroses, are now peculiar to the 
Ethiopian and Oriental regions, have one species, which is widely 
different from its Indian congener. The Hyraces are mainly 
characteristic of this region, although one species occurs in Syria 
and Palestine. The Carnivora include some forms like the Lion, 
Leopard, and Jackal, common to the Oriental region, but likewise 
include certain peculiar types like the Earth-wolf (Proteles), which 
may be regarded as the type of a distinct family, and two species 
of Hyznas, which are referred by some authorities to a distinct genus 
(Crocuta), There is also the Hunting-dog (Lycaon), and the peculiar 
group of Foxes known as the Fennecs, together with Ofocyon. Bears, 
Wolves, and true Foxes are absent; but Civets, etc., are abundant, 
although not characteristic of the region. The Primates yield several 
very characteristic types, such as the Gorilla and the Chimpanzee 
(Anthropopithecus) among the Simiide, which, with the exception of 
the Orangs of Borneo, are the only existing large man-like Apes, 
and the group of Dog-faced Baboons (Cynocephalus) in the Cercopithe- 
cide. The genus Colobus is also a group of the latter family, 
absolutely characteristic of the region. Lemurs, again, occur on 
the continent of Africa, but the great development of this group 
is in the adjacent island of Madagascar, where several peculiar 
genera occur, and where the larger Carnivora and Ungulata are 
1 Generally known as Hyomoschus, but first described as an extinct form 
under the above name. 
