ORIENTAL REGION Iol 
only by a single species in the desert area of the Indian sub-region, 
while the two species of Rhinocerss differ from those of Africa 
in being furnished with canines and incisors. The Malayan 
Tapir is the only Old World species of its genus. The Indian 
Elephant differs, moreover, so markedly from its African ally that 
some writers regard the two as types of distinct genera, The 
Carnivora include the Lion, Leopard, Jackal, and Hunting-Leopard, 
which are common to Africa; but the Tiger is very characteristic 
of this region, although extending northwards into the Palearctic. 
Civets are abundant, comprising some peculiar genera, of which it 
will suffice to mention the well known Paradorurus. Wolves closely 
allied to the Palearctic species occur in Northern India, and there 
are also Foxes related to the typical species. The Dog-hke animals 
which hunt in packs, and are separated by some writers from Canis 
under the name of Cyen, occur in the present and the Palearctic 
region. The striped Hyena is the Indian representative of its genus. 
Ratels are common to this and the Ethiopian region, and constitute 
the genus Vellivora, The most striking feature in the Carnivorous 
fauna of this region, as distinguished from the Ethiopian, is, however. 
the presence of Bears, some of which belong to the typical genus 
Ursus, while one species is usually generically separated under the 
name of Velursus. Among the Rodents we may especially notice 
the abundance of the Vuride and Sziurida. In the former family 
we have numbers of true Mice (us), and also the peculiar genus 
Nesocia (Bandicoot-Rat), while in the latter both the true Squirrels 
(Seiurus) and the Flying-Squirrels (Pieremys) attain great develop- 
ment. The genus (Pizromys) is, indeed, mainly characteristic of this 
region, although in Kashmir and Japan it enters the Palearctic. 
The Bats are very numerous, being represented by all the families, 
with the exception of the Phallesiomatid, or Vampyres, of South 
America. Among the Insectivora the genera Tupaia and Gales 
pithecus (Flying Lemur) are peculiar to this region, although not 
found in Indis. Finally, in the Primates we have the genera 
Macacus and Sennopithzeus very abundantly represented, although 
both also enter the Palearctic region; but the Anthropoid types 
are confined to the south-eastern half of the region, and include the 
Orangs (Sitnia) of Borneo. and the smaller long-armed Gibbons 
(Hylobaies), which are abundant in the Malay peninsula, both 
genera not being found beyond this region. The Lemurs are much 
less abundant than in the Ethiopian region, but they include the 
peculiar Tarsier of Sumatra, Borneo, and Celebes (Austro-Malayan 
region), which differs so markedly in dentition and structure of 
the feet from all other forms that it has been made the type of 
a separate family. The Edentates, so poorly represented in the 
Old World, include only Pangolins (Afanis\, which, ss we have 
already seen, also occur in the Ethiopian region. 
