102 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 
Australasian Region —With the fourth or Australasian region we 
come to a mammalian fauna so peculiar that we have no difficulty 
whatever in defining it from all the other regions of the globe, 
although it should be observed that in the Austro-Malayan islands 
we have a partial mingling of the Australasian and Malayan faunas. 
If we exclude Celebes from this region we find that, with the 
exception of a Pig in New Guinea, of the Dingo in Australia, of 
numerous Mice and Rats (Muride), and Bats, there are no Eutherian 
mammals throughout the area. The mammals of this region are 
restricted to the Australian mainland, the island of Tasmania, New 
Guinea, and the Aru islands, the whole area of New Zealand 
having been totally devoid of mammalian life until introduced by 
man. The whole of the Monotremata, constituting the subclass 
Prototheria, and all the Marsupials, exclusive of the few outlying 
forms ranging into the transitional Austro-Malayan area, and with 
the exception of the American family of the Opossums (Didelphyide), 
are absolutely confined to this region. 
Celebes.—The mammals of Celebes—the typical representative 
of the Austro-Malayan transitional region or sub-region—include the 
peculiar Ape known as Cynopithecus, Tarsius (also Oriental), the 
Anoa, and the single species of Babirusa. Several other types of 
placental mammals are found in this transitional area, while the 
Marsupials are represented by Phalanger and Petaurus. 
Nearctic Region.—The two remaining regions we have to consider 
are comprised in the New World. The first of these is the 
Nearctic, which, as already mentioned, has a fauna showing such a 
strongly. marked relationship to that of the Palearctic region, that 
it has been proposed to unite the two regions. Among types 
common to these two regions we may mention closely allied species 
of true Deer (Cervus) as exemplified by the Red Deer and the 
Wapiti; the allied Bisons of the two regions; the Reindeer and Elk 
common to both; as well as nearly related, and in some cases 
identical, species of Cats, Lynxes, Bears, Wolves, Foxes, Beavers, 
Squirrels, Marmots, and Hares. The Glutton or Wolverene, and the 
Musk Ox is also common to the Arctic portions of the two regions, 
The Ungulates are very poorly represented, but we have, in addition 
to the forms already mentioned, one species of the Palearctic genus 
Ovis, namely the Big-horn, and the Prong-buck (Antilocapra), which 
is quite peculiar. There are, however, no Perissodactyla. The 
Racoons and Coatis (Procyonide) constitute a family represented out 
of the New World only by the aberrant Cat-Bear (#lurus) of Nipal. 
The characteristic American feline known as the Puma extends over 
this region; but there are no Edentates, and the Marsupials are 
represented only by a single species of Opossum. Rodents are ex- 
tremely numerous, and comprise several characteristic types, which 
alone would tell us what part of the globe we were visiting. The 
