274 ENGOL ATs 
The more generalised of the fossil forms do not conform in all 
respects to the above-mentioned characters ; clavicles being present 
in Typotherium, and perhaps in some of the Condylarthra, while in 
the latter group the humerus may have an enutepicondylar foramen, 
and thus approximate to the corresponding bone of the Carnivora. 
Wide as is the gap between existing Carnivores and Ungulates, there 
are indeed more or less strongly marked evidences of affinity 
between the earlier members of the two orders, as will be again 
noticed under the head of the suborder Condylarthra. A departure 
from the normal type of foot-struecture is exhibited by the extinct 
AMuacrotheriun, provisionally included in the Perissodactyla, where 
the digits terminated in long and curved clus. 
As a general rule, the cheek-teeth have distinct roots, and in 
those of the existing suborders a gradual increase in the height of 
the crowns of these teeth may be noticed in passing from the more 
generalised to the more specialised types. Those teeth in which 
the crowns are low, and their whole structure visible from the 
- evinding surface, ave termed brachydont (Fig. 122); while those with 
higher crowns, in which the bases of the infoldings of enamel are 
invisible from the grinding surface, ave known as hypsodont (Miz. 123). 
Again, when the tubercles on the crowns of the molars are more or 
less cone-like in form the tooth 
is said to be dunodont : but when 
they ave oxpanded in an antero- 
posterior direetion and curved into 
a crescent shape the tooth is 
deseribed as sclenodont. 
The whole order) may he 
divided into the Ungulata Vera, 
containing the suborders Perisso- 
dactyla and Artiodactyla, and a 
somowhat heterogeneous assem- 
Dlage of animals which may he 
ealled Subuneulata or Ungulata 
Polydactyla. Cope has pointed 
out a character in the structure 
of the carpus by which the latter 
are dillerentiated from the former. 
Thus in all the Subungulata the 
bones of the proximal and distal 
Fic, 98.—Right fore foot of Indian Kle- row aD the primitive OP TONG 
phant. x}. U, ulna; R, radius; ¢, cunci- typical relation to cach other (see 
form; 7, lunar; se, aeaphoid ; uw, unciferm ; Vig. 98) : the os mae of the 
bec cara es erred ines ERA second vow articulating mainly 
with the Iunar of the first, or 
with the cuneiform, but not with the seaphoid. But in the group to 
