DICOTYLID.E 289 
transition came about. The tubercles which cluster over the surface 
of the crown of the molars of the common Pig are elongated and 
drawn out into columns in the Wart-Hog, as the low transverse 
ridges of the Mastodon’s tooth become the leaf-like plates of the 
Elephant’s. 
Two species of this genus are commonly but rather doubtfully 
distinguished :—P. africanus, Ailian’s Wart-Hog, widely distributed 
over the continent; and P. cethiopicus, Pallas’s Wart-Hog, confined 
to South-Eastern Africa. In specimens attributed to the latter 
species the dentition reaches its most complete reduction, as in 
adult animals the upper incisors are absent and the lower ones worn 
down to the roots. 
Family DICOTYLIDA. 
Snout as in Swide. Dentition: i 2, ¢ 4, p 3, m 4; total 38. 
Incisors rooted; upper canines directed downwards, with sharp 
cutting hinder edges. Toes, four on the fore feet and three on the 
hind feet (the fifth wanting). Stomach complex. A cecum. 
Confined to the New World. 
Dicotyles..—The teeth of the Peccaries (Dicotyles) differ from those 
of the true Pigs (Sus) numerically in wanting the upper outer 
incisor and the anterior premolar on either side of each jaw, and also 
in the circumstance that the last premolar is nearly as complex as 
the molars. The upper canines have their points directed down- 
wards, not outwards or upwards as in the Boars, and are very 
sharp, with cutting hinder edges, and completely covered with 
enamel until worn. The lower canines are large, directed up- 
wards and outwards, and slightly curved backwards. The pre- 
molar and molar teeth form a continuous series, gradually increasing 
in size from the first to the last. The true molars have square 
quadricuspidate crowns. The stomach is much more complex than 
in the true Pigs, almost approaching that of the ruminants. In the 
feet the two middle (third and fourth) metapodial bones, which are 
completely separate in the Pigs, are united at their upper ends, as 
in the ruminants. On the fore foot the two (second and fifth) outer 
toes are equally developed as in Pigs, but on the hind foot, although 
the inner (or second) is present, the. outer (or fifth) toe is entirely 
wanting, giving an unsymmetrical appearance of the member, very 
unusual in Artiodactyles. Vertebre: C 7, D14, L 5, 8 4, C7. 
As in the Pigs, the snout is truncated, and the nostrils are situated 
in its flat, expanded, disc-like termination. The ears are rather 
small, ovate, and erect; and there is no external appearance of a 
tail, The surface of the body is well covered with thick bristly 
hair, and rather behind the middle of the back is a large and 
1 Cuvier, Regne Animal, vol. i. p. 237 (1817). 
19 
