298 ‘UNGULATA 
“ Tf docile means stupid, well and good; in such a case the Camel is 
the very model of docility. But if the epithet is intended to designate 
an animal that takes an interest in its rider so far as a beast can, that 
in some way understands his intentions, or shares them in a sub- 
ordinate fashion, that obeys from a sort of submissive or half-fellow- 
feeling with his master, like the horse or elephant, then I say that 
the camel is by no means docile—very much the contrary. He 
takes no heed of his rider, pays no attention whether he be on his 
back or not, walks straight on when once set agoing, merely 
because he is too stupid to turn aside, and then. should some 
tempting thorn or green branch allure him out of the path, continues 
to walk on in the new direction simply because he is too dull to turn 
back into the right road. Ina word, he is from first to last an 
undomesticated and savage animal, rendered serviceable by stupidity 
alone, without much skill on his master’s part, or any co-operation 
on his own save that of an extreme passiveness. Neither attach- 
ment nor even habit impress him; never tame, though not wide- 
awake enough to be exactly wild.” The two species breed together 
freely, and among the Yourouks of Asia Minor, hybrids, or mules, 
the produce generally of a male Bactrian and a female Arabian 
camel are preferred to either of the pure breeds. 
Fossil remains of Camels are found in the Pliocene of the 
Siwalik Hills in Northern India. These differ from the existing 
representatives of the genus in having a vertical ridge at the 
antero-external angle of the lower molars, whereby they resemble 
Auchenia ; their cervical vertebre are also intermediate in structure 
between those of the latter and the existing Camels. A fossil 
Camel is also found in the Pleistocene of Algeria. 
Auchenia.\—Dentition of adults normally: i 4, ¢ 4, p 2, m 8; 
total 32—one of the lower premolars may, however, be wanting. In 
the upper jaw there is a compressed, sharp, pointed laniariform incisor 
near the hinder edge of the premaxilla, followed, in the male at least, 
by a moderate-sized, pointed, curved true canine in the anterior part 
of the maxilla. The isolated canine-like premolar which follows in 
the Camels is not present. The teeth of the molar series, which are 
in contact with each other, consist of two very small premolars (the 
first almost rudimentary) and three broad molars, constructed gener- 
ally like those of Camelus. In the lower jaw the three incisors are 
long, spatulate, and procumbent ; the outer ones being the smallest. 
Next to these is a curved, suberect canine, followed after an interval 
by an isolated, minute, and often deciduous simple conical premolar ; 
then a contiguous series of one premolar and three molars, which 
differ from those of existing species of Camelus in having a small 
accessory column at the anterior outer edge. The skull generally 
resembles that of Camelus, the relatively larger brain-cavity and 
1 Illiger, Prodromus Syst. Mamm. p. 103 (1811). 
