3I4 ' UNGULATA 
Circle as far south as Chili, and in the Old World throughout the 
whole of Europe and Asia, though absent in the Ethiopian and 
Australian regions. 
It may be divided into two subfamilies. 
Subfamily Mosechinze.—This subfamily is represented solely by 
the Musk-Deer, which differs so remarkably from the true Deer that 
it is considered by several writers as the representative of a separate 
family. The late Professor Garrod even suggested that it should 
be regarded as an extremely aberrant member of the Bovide. 
Moschus.1—The Musk-Deer (Fig. 125) in many respects stands by 
SS h 
Fic. 125.—The Musk-Deer (Moschus moschiferus). 
itself as an isolated zoological form, retaining characters belonging to 
the older and more generalised types of ruminants before they were 
distinctly separated into the horned and the antlered sections now 
dominant upon the earth. One of these characters is that both 
sexes are entirely devoid of any sort of frontal appendage. In this, 
however, it agrees with one existing genus of true Deer (Hydropotes) ; 
and, as in that animal, the upper canine teeth of the males are 
remarkably developed, long, slender, sharp pointed, and gently 
curved, projecting downwards out of the mouth with the ends 
turned somewhat backwards. Vertebre: C7, D 14,L5,8 5, C6. 
Among the anatomical peculiarities in which it differs from all 
true Deer and agrees with the Bovide is the presence of a gall- 
* Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. vol. i. p. 91 (1766). 
