CERVID.E 317 
Cerrulus of Blainville and most zoologists :—Stulocervs of Hamilton- 
Smith, and Prox of Ogilby. They are all of small size compared 
with the majority of Deer, and have long bodies and rather short 
limbs and neck. The antlers, which as in most Deer are present in 
the male only, are small and simple, and the main stem or beam, 
after giving off a very short brow tine, inclines backwards and up- 
wards, is unbranched and pointed, and when fully developed curves 
inwards and somewhat downwards at the tip. These small antlers 
are supported upon pedicles or permanent processes of the frontal 
bones, longer than in any other Deer, and the front edges of which 
are continued downwards as strong ridges passing along the sides of 
the face above the orbits, and serving to protect the large supra- 
orbital glands lying on their inner sides. The lachrymal fossa of 
the skull, in which is lodged the large suborbital gland or crumen, 
is of great depth and extent. The upper canine teeth of the males 
are strongly developed and sharp, curving downwards, backwards, 
and outwards, projecting visibly outside the mouth as tusks, and 
loosely implanted in their sockets. In the females they are very 
much smaller. The limbs exhibit several structural peculiarities not 
found in other Deer. The lateral digits of both fore and hind feet are 
very little developed, the hoofs alone being present and their bony 
supports (found in all other Deer) wanting. There is a tufted gland 
on the outer side of the metatarsus. 
The Muntjacs are solitary animals, very rarely even two being 
seen together. They are fond of hilly ground covered with forests, 
in the dense thickets of which they pass most of their time, only 
coming to the skirts of the woods at morning and evening to 
uvaze. They carry the head and neck low and the hind-quarters 
high. their action in running being peculiar and not very elegant, 
somewhat resembling the pace of a sheep. Though with no 
power of sustained speed or extensive leap, they are remarkable 
for flexibility of body and facility of creeping through tangled 
underwood. They are often called by Indian sportsmen “ Barking 
Deer,” a name given on account of ‘their alarm cry, a kind of 
short shrill bark, like that of a fox but louder, which may often 
be heard in the jungles they frequent both by day and by night. 
When attacked by dogs the males use their sharp canine teeth 
with great vigour, inflicting upon their opponents deep and even 
dangerous wounds. 
There is some difference of opinion among zoologists as to the 
number of species of the genus Cerrulus. Sir Victor Brooke, who 
investigated this question in 1878 (see Preecedings of the Zcological 
Society of Londen for that year, p. 898). came to the conclusion that 
there are certainly three which are quite well marked, vizi— 
C. muntja: (Fig. 126), found in British India, Burma, the Malay 
Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Hainan, Banca, and Borneo. The general 
