322 UNGULATA 
number of snags, often arranged in a cup-like manner. Skull as 
in the preceding group. All the species large. The Red Deer, 
C. elaphus, which is dark brown in colour, with a light patch on 
the rump, inhabits Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa—the 
so-called Barbary Deer not being specifically distinct. A full-grown 
Scotch Stag is fully 4 feet in height at the withers. The antlers are 
shed between the end of February and the early part of April; old 
animals shedding earlier than younger ones. The young, which 
(as in all the members of the genus except some of the Rusine 
species) are spotted, are born at the end of May or the beginning 
Fic. 129.—Head of the Wapiti (Cervus canadensis). 
of June. The points on the antlers increase in number with the 
age of the creature, and when twelve are present it is known in 
Scotland as a “royal stag.” This number, however, is sometimes 
exceeded, as in the case of a pair of antlers, weighing 74 Ibs., from 
a stag killed in Transylvania, which had forty-five points. The 
antlers during the second year consist of a simple unbranched stem, 
to which a tine or branch is added in each succeeding year, until 
the normal development is attained, after which their growth is 
somewhat irregular. Many of the antlers dug up in British peat- 
beds (as Fig. 118) are larger than those of living individuals, and 
in the cave-deposits of England and the Continent antlers are met 
with rivalling those of the Wapiti in size; these large fossil antlers 
