324 UNGULATA 
terised by retaining the distal extremities of the lateral (second 
and fifth) metacarpals. With the exception of Alces, Capreolus, 
and Hydropotes (which are either partly or entirely Old World 
types), the vomer is so much ossified as to divide the posterior 
bony nares into two distinct orifices (Fig. 132). 
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"Fra. 130.—Skeleton of the Gigantic Irish Deer (Cervus giganteus). After Owen. 
Rangifer1—The Reindeer, or Caribou as it is termed in North 
America, is the sole representative of the genus Rangifer, which 
is sufficiently distinguished from all its allies by the presence of 
antlers in both sexes. The lachrymal vacuity is small. This 
animal is distributed over the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and 
America; the differences which may be observable in specimens ‘from 
different regions not being sufficient to allow of specific distinction. 
The Reindeer is a heavily built animal, with short limbs, in which 
? Hamilton-Smith, in Grifith’s Animal Kingdom, vol. v. p. 804 (1827). 
