BOVIDA 341 
Jumna which cannot be distinguished from those of the existing 
species. 
Aipyceros..— Horns compressed, lyrate, and wide-spreading ; 
present only in male. No suborbital gland, or lachrymal depression 
in the skull., No lateral hoofs. Two species; one from South and 
the other from West Africa. 
The Palla (4. melampus) is a large Antelope standing over 
3 feet high at the withers, and readily distinguished by its dark red 
colour, gradually shading to white below. It is usually found on 
or near hills in herds of from twenty to thirty. 4. petersi is 
from the Congo. 
Saiga.2—Nose very large, convex, and inflated. Supraorbital 
gland present. Lachrymal fossa of skull small, and fissure absent ; 
narial aperture very large; nasals extremely short; supraorbital 
pits rather small. Horns yellow, lyrate, of moderate length ; 
present only in male. Vertebre: C7, D13,L6,84,C10. One 
species, Eastern Europe and Western Asia. 
The Saiga (S. tartarica) is a clumsily built and somewhat 
sheep-like Antelope inhabiting the steppes; it occurs fossil in the 
Pleistocene of France and England. 
Pantholops.’—Allied in the characters of the head and skull to 
Saiga, but the nose less convex, the nostrils of the male more 
swollen, and the horns of that sex black, very long, compressed, 
and lyrate ; those of female very. short. One species, Central Asia. 
The Chiru (P. hodgsoni) inhabits the highlands of Western Tibet 
and Turkestan. In the former area it generally goes in small herds 
of from three to six, and in the summer may be found grazing in 
early morning on the level spaces frequently found in the river 
valleys at elevations of about 15,000 feet. It is excessively shy 
and difficult to approach. The large size of the narial aperture in 
the skull of Chiru is suggestive of a connection with respiration at 
a high altitude, but this appears to be negatived by the occurrence 
of the same feature in the Saiga. 
Gazella.-—Delicately built and sandy-coloured Antelopes, with 
lyrate or recurved horns, which may be absent in the female, and 
are always smaller and simpler in that sex than in the male. Skull 
with moderate lachrymal fossa, and a distinct lachrymal fissure. 
Vertebre: C7, D13,L6,84,C14. Suborbital gland frequently 
small, and covered with hair. Face with a white streak running 
from the outer side of the base of each horn nearly down to the 
upper end of each nostril, cutting off a dark triangular central 
1 Sundevall, Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl, for 1845, p. 271. 
2 Gray,’ List Mamm, Brit. Mus. p. 160 (1843). 
3 Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 81. 
+ De Blainville, Buli. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75. Is taken to include Procapra 
and J'ragops. 
