342 UNGULATA 
patch, and bordered externally by a diffused dark line (see Fig. 
121, p. 310). The Gazelles, of which there are some twenty- 
four existing species, are typically Palearctic desert forms, the 
Springbok (G. euchore) being an outlying South African species. 
G. picticaudata and G. gutturosa are respectively found in Western 
Tibet and Mongolia, the former at great elevations. The 
majority of the Gazelles do not exceed 30 inches in height, 
although G. mohr is 36. Sir Victor Brooke classifies! the Gazelles 
as follows :— - 
A. No stripe on back; three lower premolars. 
a. White of rump not encroaching on the fawn of the haunches, 
I. Female with horns. 
1. Horns lyrate or sublyrate——G. dorcas, G. isabella, 
» G. rufifrons, G. levipes, G. tilonura, G. naso. 
2. Horns non-lyrate—G. cuvieri, G. leptoceros, G. spekei, 
G. arabica, G. bennetti, G. fuscifrons, G. muscatensis. 
II. Female without horns. 
G. subgutturosa, G. gutturosa, G. picticaudata. 
b. White of rump projecting forwards in an angle into the fawn 
colour of the haunches. Horns in both sexes. 
G. dama, G. mohr, G. soemmerring?, G. granti (Fig. 121), 
G. thomsont, 
B. A white stripe down the back, two lower premolars. Horns in 
both sexes.—G. euchore. 
The East African G. walleri is an aberrant species, in which the 
females are hornless, which has been made the type of the genus 
Lithocranius. It is characterised by the extreme density of the 
horns and skull, the slenderness of the mandible, and the small 
size of the cheek-teeth, the upper molars being relatively broader 
and lower than usual. The cranium is remarkable for the short- 
ness of its facial portion, the large size and production backwards 
of the supraoccipital, and for the circumstance that the long 
basicranial axis is nearly parallel with the plane of the palate. 
Fossil species of Gazella are found in the Pliocene and Pleistocene 
deposits of Europe and India. G. deperditu (brevicornis), of the 
Lower Pliocene of France and Greece, appears to be a generalised 
species in which the lower molars frequently have accessory 
columns, traces of which are found in some of the existing forms. 
Hippotragine Section.—Includes very large African Antelopes, 
with long horns, present in both sexes, which are placed over or 
behind the orbit, and are either recurved, straight, or subspiral. 
Skull with no distinct pits at apertures of supraorbital foramina in 
frontals, no lachrymal fossa, and only a small lachrymal fissure. 
No suborbital gland. Tail long, cylindrical, and tufted at the end. 
* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 537. Three species subsequently described are 
here added to the list. 
