BOVIDE 345 
Addaz.4—Horns with the same inclination as in Oryx, but with 
a slight spiral twist. No mane on nape, but a slight one on the 
throat. Hoofs rounded. One species (4. nusumaculatus), from North 
Africa and Arabia, the colour of which is nearly white. 
Tragelaphine Section.—Includes large, so-called Bovine, Ante- 
lopes now mainly characteristic of the Ethiopian region, but with 
one Oriental genus. Horns usually present in the male only (if 
developed in the female smaller), with a more or less distinct ridge 
in front, and usually twisted spirally, the front ridge twisting 
outwards from the base of the horn. Skull without lachrymal 
fossa, but with a large or small lachrymal fissure ; usually large 
pits at the apertures of the supraorbital foramina on the frontals ; 
premaxille reaching nasals. Muffle large and moist; nostrils 
approximated. Molars hypsodont or brachydont. Vertical white 
stripes frequently present on the body. 
a. LHind limbs much shorter than the fore. Horns behind the orbit, 
short, conical, faintly angulated. Nose bovine. Body without 
vertical stripes. Molars (Fig. 123, p. 311) hypsodont, with 
a large accessory column im those of the upper jaw. One 
Oriental genus. 
Boselaphus.2—The one genus of this subsection is represented 
only by the well-known Nilghai (B. tragocamelus) of India. The 
male stands over 4 feet in height at the shoulder, with horns 
about 8 inches in length; the hornless female being about one 
third smaller. Both sexes have a short erect mane, and the male 
has also a tuft of hair upon the throat. When adult the sexes 
are very different in colour, the male being of a dark iron gray 
or slate colour, approaching black on the head and legs, while 
the female and young are of a bright light brown or fawn colour. 
In both male and female at all ages the lips, chin, and under parts, 
as well as two transverse stripes on the iriner sides of the ears and 
rings on the fetlocks, are white, and the mane and tip of the tail 
black. The Nilghai is one of the few Antelopes occurring in India, 
where it is found from near the foot of the Himalaya to the south 
of Mysore, though rare to the north of the Ganges and also in the 
extreme south. It is most abundant in Central India, and does not 
occur in Assam or the countries to the east of the Bay of Bengal. 
It frequents forests and low jungles, though often found in toler- 
ably open plains, associating in small herds. One, or very often 
two, young produced at a birth. Fossil remains of species of this 
genus occur in the Pleistocene and Pliocene deposits of India. 
b. Fore and hind limbs equal. Horns long, and spirally twisted. 
Nose cervine, and aperture of suborbital gland very small. 
1 Rafinesque, nal. Nat. 1815, p. 56. 
2 De Blainville, Bull, Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75. Syn. Portax, Hamilton- 
Smith. 
