348 UNGULATA 
very strongly developed, and rising at an obtuse angle to the plane 
of the nasals. Skull with large supraorbital pits, large lachrymal 
fissure, and deep intercornual depression. Hoofs short. Body with 
white vertical stripes descending from a longitudinal dorsal streak. 
Two existing species. . 
The Kudu (S. kudu, Fig. 143) extends from South Africa to 
Abyssinia, and is only inferior in size to the Eland. The horns 
are about 4 feet in length, and form a very open spiral, and 
there is a fringe of long hair down the front of the neck. The 
Lesser Kudu (S. imberbis), of Somaliland is a much smaller form, 
without the fringe of hair on the neck, and with a much smaller 
axis formed by the spiral of the horns. 
An imperfect skull from the Pliocene of Northern India has 
been referred to Strepsiceros. 
Oreas.1\—Females horned. Horns twisted on their own axis, 
with very strong ridges, inclining upwards and outwards in the 
plane of the nasals. General characters of skull as in preceding 
genus. Stripes on body, if present, very faintly marked. One 
existing species. 
The Eland (0. canna) is the largest of all the Antelopes, the 
males standing nearly 6 feet at the withers. One variety from 
South Africa is of a uniform pale fawn colour, while the Central 
African form is of a bright tan colour, marked by a number of thin 
pale vertical stripes descending from a dark dorsal ridge—these . 
markings fading more or less in the adults. The males have a 
large dewlap, a tuft of brown hair on the forehead, and a small 
mane on the neck. The straight black horns of the male are 
usually about 18 inches long. Elands were formerly extremely 
abundant in Southern and Eastern Africa, but their destruction 
has been so relentless that they have totally disappeared from 
extensive areas, and are daily becoming scarcer, 
Portions of upper jaws from the Pliocene deposits of India appear 
to indicate the former existence in that area of large Antelopes 
closely allied to the Eland, but distinguished from the living species 
by the greater size of the inner accessory column in the upper 
molars. 
Allied Extinct Types.—Large Antelopes with spirally twisted 
horns appear to have been common over Southern Europe in Pliocene 
times, but their exact affinity is in many cases difficult to determine. 
Of these, Palworeas, which occurs in the Lower Pliocene of Europe 
and Algeria, appears to present affinities both to Orews and 
Strepsiceros, and may have been the ancestral type from which 
these two genera are derived ; the upper molars have well-developed 
accessory columns. 
The so-called .Lntilope torticornis, of the French Pliocene, 
* Desmarest, Mummatogie, p. 471 (1822). 
