398 UNGULATA 
above downwards, extending backwards from the root of the tongue 
along the side of the fauces, with openings on the surface leading 
into crypts with glandular walls, represents the tonsil. The tongue, 
corresponding to the general form of the mouth, is long and narrow. 
It consists of a compressed intermolar portion with a flat upper 
surface, broad behind and becoming narrower in front; and of a 
depressed anterior part rather shorter than the former, which 
is narrow behind but widens towards the evenly rounded apex. 
The dorsal surface generally is very soft and smooth. There are 
two large circumvallate papille near the base, rather irregular in 
form, about a quarter of an inch in diameter and half an inch apart. 
The conical papille are very small and close set, though longer and 
more filamentous on the intermolar portion. There are no fungi- 
form papilla on the dorsum, but a few not very conspicuous ones 
scattered along the sides of the organ. 
Of the salivary glands the parotid is by far the largest; elongated 
in the vertical direction, and narrower in the middle than at either 
upper or lower extremity. Its upper extremity embraces the lower 
surface of the cartilaginous ear-conch ; its lower end reaches the 
level of the inferior margin of the mandible, along the posterior 
margin of which it is placed. Its duct leaves the inferior anterior 
angle, at first descends a little, and runs forward under cover of 
the rounded inferior border of the mandibular ramus, then curves 
up along the anterior margin of the masseter muscle, becoming 
superficial, pierces the buccinator, and enters the mouth by a simple 
aperture opposite the middle of the crown of the third premolar 
tooth. It is not quite so thick as a goose-quill when distended, and 
nearly a foot in length. 
The submaxillary gland is of very similar texture to the last, 
but much smaller ; it is placed deeper, and lies with its main axis 
horizontal. It is elongated and slender, and flattened from within 
outwards. Its posterior end rests against the anterior surface of 
the transverse process of the atlas, from which it extends forwards 
and downwards, slightly curved, to beneath the ramus of the jaw. 
The duct which runs along its upper and internal border passes 
forwards in the usual course, lying in the inner side of the sublingual 
gland, to open on the outer surface of a distinct papilla, situated 
on the floor of the mouth, half an inch from the middle line, and 
midway between the lower incisor teeth and the attachment of the 
frenum lingue. The sublingual is represented by a mass of vlands 
lying just beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth 
on the side of the tongue, causing a distinct ridge, extending from 
the frenum backwards, and the numerous ducts opening separately 
along the summit of the ridge. The buccal glands are arranged 
in two rows parallel with the molar teeth. The upper ones 
are the largest, and are continuous anteriorly with the labial 
