408 UNGULATA 
The common Two-horned Rhinoceros, P. bicornis, is the smaller of 
the two, with a pointed prehensile upper lip, and a narrow compressed 
deep symphysis of the lower jaw. It ranges through the wooded 
and watered districts of Africa, from Abyssinia in the north to the 
Cape Colony, but its numbers are yearly diminishing, owing to the 
inroads of European civilisation, and especially of English sports- 
men. It feeds exclusively upon leaves and branches of bushes and 
small trees, and chiefly frequents the sides of wood-clad rugged 
hills. Specimens in which the posterior horn has attained a length 
Fic. 172.—Common African Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros bicornis). 
as great as, or greater than, the anterior have been separated under 
the name of &. keitloa, but the characters of these appendages are 
too variable to found specific distinctions upon. The Common 
African Rhinoceros is far more rarely seen in menageries in Europe 
than either of the three Oriental species, but one has lived in the 
gardens of the London Zoological Society since 1868. The molar 
teeth of this species are of the general type of those of R. sondaicus, 
having no combing-plate to join the crotchet in those of the upper 
jaw. The conch of the ear is much rounded at its extremity, and 
edged by a fringe of short hairs; while the nostrils are somewhat 
rounded. The eye is placed immediately below the posterior 
horn.’ Both in this and the following species the post-glenoid and 
post-tympanic processes of the squamosal do not unite below the 
1 These external points of distinction from R. simus are taken from a paper 
by Sclater in the Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886, p. 143. 
