410 CNGULATA 
rhinoceros is usually very fat; and its meat is then most excellent, 
being something like beef, but yet having a peculiar flavour of its 
own. The part in greatest favour among hunters is the hump, 
which, if cut off whole and roasted just as it is in the skin, ina 
hole dug in the ground, would, I think, be difficult to match either 
for juiciness or flavour.” : 
The molar dentition is of the type obtaining in R. wnicornis, so 
that in this respect 2. simus has the same relation to F. bicornis as 
is presented by R. unicornis to R. sondaicus. The ear-conch of the 
Square-mouthed Rhinoceros is very large, elongated, and pointed at 
its extremity, which bears only a slight tuft of hair; it is much ex- 
panded in the middle, and the lower portion has its edges united 
to form a short tube. The nostrils have a long slit-like aperture ; 
and the eye is situated behind the posterior horn. 
Extinct Species—Using the generic term Rhinocervs in its widest 
signification, a yery large number of fossil forms may be referred to 
it, the earliest of which date from the Upper Eocene (Oligocene) 
Phosphorites of Central France. Only a few of the more im- 
portant of these types can, however, be even mentioned in this 
place. 
In the Pliocene Siwaliks of India 2. sivalensis appears to have 
been the direct ancestor of R. sondaicus; while R. palwindicus was 
probably nearly related to R. wnicornis, although the upper molars 
had not developed a combing-plate. 
RR. schleirmacheri, of the Lower Pliocene of Europe, falls into 
the Ceratorhine group, although differing from R. sumatrensis by 
the union of the post-glenoid and post-tympanic processes of the 
squamosal beneath the auditory meatus. The Middle Miocene 
Zi. sansaniensis was a closely allied if not identical form. 
The Atelodine group was very widely spread in past epochs. 
Thus the huge &. platyrhinus of the Indian Pliocene, and the equally 
large L. wntiquitatis of the Pleistocene of Europe, were specialised 
forms with a dentition resembling that of R. simus, to which they 
were probably allied. An upper molar of R. antiquitatis—the so- 
called Tichorine, or Woolly Rhinoceros—is shown in the woodcut 
on p. 402. Of this species nearly whole carcases, with the thick 
woolly external covering, have been discovered associated with 
those of the Mammoth, preserved in the frozen soil of the north of 
Siberia. In common with some other extinct species it had a solid 
median wall of bone supporting the nasals, from which it is inferred 
that the horns were of a size and weight surpassing that of the 
modern species. In the Lower Pliocene of Attica R. pachygnathus 
appears to have been closely allied to R. dicornis. Several species, 
such as Lt. leptorhinus (Fig. 173), R. megarhinus, and R. cfruseis, 
occur in the European Pleistocene which do not present a marked 
relationship to any of the living forms. This group is also repre- 
