AVRACIDEA 417 
inner (or second) digit is deeply cleft, and has a peculiar long 
curved claw, the others have short broad nails. The stomach is 
formed upon much the same principle as that of the Horse or 
Rhinoceros, but is more elongated transversely and divided by a 
constriction into two cavities—a large left cul de sac, lined by 
a very dense white epithelium, and a right pyloric cavity, with a 
very thick, soft, vascular lining. The intestinal canal (Fig. 178) 
is long, and has an 
arrangement per- 
fectly unique among 
mammals, indeed 
among vertebrated 
animals, for, in addi- 
tion to the ordinary 
short, but capacious 
andsacculated cecum 
(em) at the com- 
mencement of the 
colon, there is, lower 
down, an additional 
pair of large, conical, 
pointed, supplemen- 
tal ceca (c). The 
liver is much sub- 
divided, and there is 
no gall-bladder. The 
brain resembles that 
of the typical Un- 
_ gulates far more than 
the Rodents. The 
testes are perman- 
ently abdominal. Fic. 178.—Diagrammatic view of the alimentary canal of 
The ureters open into Hyrax capensis, the intestines being somewhat abbreviated. 
the fundus of the d, Duodenum ; i, ileum; cm, ceecum ; c, supplemental colic czca ; 
r, rectum. 
bladder, as in some 
Rodents. The female has six teats, of which four are inguinal 
and two axillary ; and the placenta is zonary, as in the Elephant 
and Carnivora. 
There are two distinct forms of Hyrax, differing both in 
structure and habits, which may be accorded generic rank. 
Hyraz—Molar teeth having the same pattern as those of 
1 Hermann, Tab. Affinit. Anim. p. 115 (1783). It has recently been pro- 
posed to substitute the earlier name Procavia in lieu of Hyrax, The anatomy of 
Hyrax was first described by Pallas (Spicilegia Zoologica). Besides minor 
memoirs, two detailed accounts of its structure have appeared—one by Brandt, 
in Mém. Acad. Nat. Scien. St. Pétersbowrg, 7*™* ser. vol. xiv. No. 2, 1869; and 
27 
