426 UNGULATA 
height at the shoulder, a circumstance which enables the hunters to 
judge from the footprints the exact size of the animals of which 
they are in pursuit. The African Elephant also differs from its 
Indian congener in having tusks in both sexes, whereas in the latter 
the male only is so armed. Moreover, the eye is relatively larger, 
the forehead more convex, and the colour somewhat darker. 
Whereas the Indian Elephant frequents the depths of forests and 
seldom leaves their shade during the daytime, the following 
account by Sir Samuel Baker indicates different habits in the 
African species. This traveller observes: “In Africa, the country 
Fic. 183.—African Elephant (Elephas ayricanus). From a young specimen in the 
London Zoological Gardens. 
being generally more open than in Ceylon, the Elephant remains 
throughout the day either beneath a solitary tree or exposed to 
the sun in the vast prairies, where the thick grass attains a height 
of from nine to twelve feet. The general food of the African 
Elephant consists of the foliage of trees, especially mimosas. Many 
of the mimosas are flat-headed, about thirty feet high, and the 
richer portion of the foliage confined to the crown. Thus the 
Elephant, not being able to reach to so great a height, must over- 
turn the tree to obtain the coveted food. The destruction caused 
by a herd of Elephants in a mimosa forest is extraordinary, and I 
have seen trees uprooted of so large a size that I am convinced no 
single elephant could have overturned them, I have measured 
trees four feet six inches in circumference and about thirty feet 
high uprooted by elephants. The natives have assured me that 
