a5 RODENTIA 
natives of the Oriental region, except that one of Sciwropterus is found 
in North America, and another in Siberia and Eastern Europe. 
Eupetaurus.1—Externally as in Pteromys, except that the claws 
are less sharp. Skull with a more produced muzzle than in the 
latter, more distinct supraorbital notches, longer anterior palatal 
foramina, and a shorter bony palate. Cheek-teeth differing from 
those of all other Sciurid in their hypsodont character. One large 
species (E. cinereus), from Gilgit and adjacent districts on the 
extreme north-west of Kashmir territory. This fine Flying Squirrel 
is chiefly known by one entire specimen and some imperfect skins. 
Extinet Genero.—The genera Pseudosciurus and Sviuroides, from 
the Upper Eocene of Europe, have the molar teeth more elongated 
than in Seiurus. Gymunaptychus with p +, from the North American 
Miocene, approximates in the structure of its molars to Tamias. 
Meniscomys (p 2), from the latter deposits, together with Sciurodon 
of the French Phosphorites, are regarded as Squirrels showing signs 
of affinity with the Huplodontide. 
Subfamily Aretomyinze.—Incisors not compressed: typically 
the form stout, and the tail comparatively short. This subfamily 
comprises burrowing forms which may be collectively known as 
Marmots ; as already mentioned, they are so intimately connected 
with the preceding subfamily that the division into two groups is 
purely a matter of convenience. They are confined to the Pale- 
arctic and Nearetic regions. 
_{rctomys.°—External form stout and heavy, ears short, tail 
short and hairy, chéek-pouches rudimentary or absent. Fore feet 
with four well-developed digits, and a rudimentary pollex provided 
with a flat nail. Skull (Fig. 198) large and heavy, with the post- 
orbital process stout, and at right angles to the axis. Incisors 
broad and powerful. First upper premolar nearly as large as the 
second, Molar series nearly parallel, scarcely converging behind 
at all. 
The various species of true Marmot, which exceed a dozen in 
number, are all much alike in general appearance, ranging in size 
from about 15 to 25 inches in length, with tails from 3 to 12 inches 
long. 
The Alpine Marmot (Fig. 201) is peculiar to Europe, being 
found in the Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians ; its remains occur in 
European Pleistocene deposits. 4. bobac occurs in Eastern Europe 
and Siberia. Several species (¢.g. 4. monar, Fig. 198) are found 
in the Nearctic region, and many in Kashmir and Central Asia. 
The long-tailed Red Marmot (.4. caudatus) is a fine Himalayan 
species, which may be seen on the mountain passes to the north of 
the valley of Kashmir, as soon as the snow begins to disappear, 
2 0. Thomas, Journ, As. Soc. Bengal, vol. vii. p. 256 (1888). 
* Schreber, Seéugethierv, vol. iv. p. 721 (1792). 
