SPALACIDE 477 
Palestine, and Eastern Africa as far south as Mozambique. 4. 
dimidiatus presents the appearance of a little Hedgehog when its 
spines are erected; it inhabits the stony deserts of Arabia Petraea 
and Palestine, and feeds on bulbs. A fossil Mouse (4. gaudryi) 
referred to this genus occurs in the Lower Pliocene of Attica. 
Echinothria.1—A very remarkable rat with an extremely elong- 
ated muzzle, all the bones of the face being much produced. The 
incisors are faintly grooved. The only species is £. leucura, an 
animal of about the size of the Brown Rat, with its fur thickly 
mixed with spines. It is found in Celebes.: 
Typhlomys.*—This genus is represented by a single species from 
China, which resembles a House-Mouse in size and general appear- 
ance, but has smaller ears, while the eyes are so reduced in size as 
to be totally concealed by the long eyelashes. 
Cricetomys* and Saccostomus..—These two African genera have 
been—from the presence of cheek-pouches—usually placed in the 
neighbourhood of Cricetus, but their molars are of the Murine type. 
Cricetomys is said to have grooved upper incisors, and is represented 
only by C. gambianus. There are two species of Saccostomus. 
Pithechirus.—A small Rodent from Sumatra and Java described 
under this name is a true Mouse, having nothing to do with 
Chiropodomys, to which it has been compared. 
Family SPALACIDA. 
Mole-like forms, with very small or rudimentary eyes and ear- 
conchs, large claws, and short or/rudimentary tail. Form cylin- 
drical. Incisors large; premolars present or absent; molars rooted, 
with re-entering enamel-folds ; palate narrow. 
Subfamily Spalacine.— Angular part of the mandible arising 
from the lower edge of the socket of the lower incisor. No pre- 
molars. . 
Spalav.°—Represented by the great Mole-Rat (S. typhlus) of 
South-Eastern Europe, in which the eyes are completely covered by 
the skin. 
Ehizomys..—Eyes uncovered, although very minute; small 
naked ear-conchs ; and a short partially hairy tail. Includes 
several species from Northern India, Tibet, China, Burma, Malaya, 
and Eastern Africa. A fossil species occurs in the Pliocene Siwaliks 
of Northern India. 
1 Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 599. Amended from Echimys. 
2 Milne-Edwards, Budi. Soc. Philom. sér. 6, vol. xi. p. 9 (1877). 
3 Waterhouse, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 2. 
+ Peters, Monatsber. Ak. Berlin, 1846, p. 258. 
5 Giildenstaidt, Nov. Comment. Petrop. vol. xiv. art. i. p. 409 (1770). 
8 Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1830, p. 95. 
