544 CARNIVORA 
tine group, as represented by the Indian H. sivalensis and the 
Grecian H. greca, connects H. striata with Palhyena. Both are 
characterised by the presence of a small second lower molar behind 
the carnassial ; while H. greca also has four lower premolars. Still 
more generalised is the Lychyenine group, comprising H. macrostoma 
of India and H. cheretis of the Pikermi beds; in these forms the 
muzzle was longer, and the premolars much more compressed than 
in the existing species, thus making a very decided approach to the 
Vwerride. There were four lower premolars ; the lower carnassial 
had an inner cusp, and it is probable that there was a second lower 
molar ; while the first upper molar was placed partially behind the 
Fia. 248.—Outer view of part of the right ramus of the mandible of Hyena colvini, showing 
the third and fourth premolars and the carnassial. (From the Paleontologia Indica.) 
carnassial. The Lower Pliocene Palhyena hipparionum, in which 
the dental formula is i 3,¢ 4, p 4, m 2, is a smaller form with long 
jaws and compressed premolars which approaches so closely to the 
Viverroid genus Ictitherium as to show pretty clearly how the 
Hyznas have been gradually modified from that stock. 
Section CYNOIDEA. 
Family CANIDa. 
This section contains the single family of the Canide, or Dog- 
like animals, which appear to hold an intermediate position between 
the other two sections, retaining also many of the more generalised 
characters of the ancient members of the order. The structure of 
the auditory bulla and adjacent parts of the bones of the skull is 
intermediate between that of the AZluroid and Arctoid forms. In 
the number and arrangement of the teeth they more nearly approach 
the primitive heterodont type than any other existing Carnivora. 
