Re CARI ORA 
Huxley? has basei bis division 2 atte group into two parallel series, 
the Thovids or Lupine ¢ and Alopec:ics or Vulpine is 
which he chamiectersss bY a Presence of rental air-sinuses in the 
former, which not only aifect the external conten but to a sv creater 
degree the shape of the anterior part of <2 cranial cavity, and <te 
a f The puctll of the eve when 
zroup, and vertic- 
ons are required 
ameree cf su oh sinuses in 
: st members of the rst 
in the © hare bat more observa 
s character can be ah iv relied upon. The form and 
cf the tail is citen used ior the purposes of classification, 
ts characters do met comeide with those of the evarium. Since 
; wth American Canidz have 222 lonz bushy cals of 
Foxes and the sswis of Wolves. Takiez into aceount various 
combinations of 7hese and other minor characters, the species may 
be arranged in the folowing ereuns, which some authors have 
considered as of generic importance. 
A. faesii or Lupine —Thke typical sroup. or Canis proper, 
contains the larzest members of the zenus. the true Wolves of the 
northern parcs ‘of both Old and New Worlds (C. Imus, ere. the 
Jackals of Seuthern Asia and Africa (C. aureus, m =, ete.), and 
the various breeds of the domestic Doz (C. familiarizs. The wue 
Wolves are (excluding some varieties of the domescie Duz: the 
sargest members of the genus. and have a wide seosraphical mance. 
extending over nearly =e whole of Europe and Asia. and North 
America from Greenland to Mexico. but they are net found in 
South America or Africa, being replaced in bork of these e 
by various species of Jackals and Foxes. As mich: be eel 
i iS eXtensive ranze. and the varied ch oi the climatic 
conditions of the countries they inhabit. they presen: great diversi- 
ties of ce. length and thickness of tur, and colorazion, although 
resembling each ‘other in 21] Impertant structural char . These 
differences have given rise to a supposed uilrighctiy of species, 
a by the names of C. taps. CL dycaen (Centra! Europe). 
CL laniger and CL niger Ties. id pullipes (India), CL actigenieli 
Co neriis, Co meciogus, ete. of North America, but it is very doubt- 
ful whether some of these ought to be distinzuished as other than 
local varieties. Mr. W. T. Blanford, in his recent work on the 
mammals of India, regards the :wo forms from Tibet mentioned 
above as inseparable from C. jupus. In North America there is 
a very distinct smaller species. called the Corote or Prairie Wolf 
(Cc s): and perhaps the Japanese Wolf (C. hedej lex) may also 
be distine:. ‘sk: hough. except for its smaller size and shorter ! leas : 
is scarcely distinguishable from the common species Thos 
generally discribut red throughout the pele aia the bss 
Y Prov Zc #, Doe Fx 2s os Jackals, W-: 
aud Foxes: @ es eine the Catz da (Dsel. 
