URSID AL 
559 
Kashmir and Nipal, not: being spocitically separable, ‘The Brown 
Bour hibernates in cold regions, and im the Himalaya keeps to 
comparatively high regions, emerging front its winter lair in March, 
April, ov May, according to the season and elovation, to feed on 
the numerous bulbous plants which abound in tho regions it inhabits. 
Both the Syrian and Himalayan varieties are generally of lighter 
colour and smaller size than the typieal European form. Bears 
Were at one time found in the British Isles, from which, how- 
over, they have boon long since exterminatod, They are still found 
in the Pyrenees, and are comparatively abundant ino parts of 
Norway, Hungary, and Russia. In the Kashmir Himalaya they 
were very abundant in some districts a few years ago, one of the 
present writers having in 1874 seon no less than seven examples 
at one time from the top of a mountain ridge; of late yoars their 
uumbers have, however, been greatly diminished. The Brown 
Boar, although with strong powers of smelling, is very slow of 
sight and hearing, and in the Himalaya it is easy to approach so 
neat that they may be shot with a smooth-bore gun, The Grizzly 
Roar (U0 horribilis) of North Amorica is so closely allied to the 
Brown Boar that some writers think it should only rauk as a very 
wellmatked local variety. The Black Bears of the Himalaya (U. 
torquatus), dapan (U. japonicus), aud North America (U7. americanus) 
bolong to this group, The Limalayan species ranges from Persia 
to Assam, and thence to China and Formosa. In the greater part 
of this area it is essontiilly a forest animal, and may be found in 
autumn in tho forests of the Kashmir valley feeding upon chestiuts 
and other fruits. It is also oxcoedingly fond of maize, mulberries, 
and walunts; and a fow years ago it was no very uncommon 
sight to see three or even tive of these bears up a single mulberry 
ev walunt tree in Kashmir, The Speetacled Boar (UL ornatus) of 
the Peruvian Andes is another member of this group. 
The fMelurctine group is represented only by the Malay Bear or 
Sun Bear (U. malayacis), IM which the head is short and broad ; the 
mokiw teeth ace comparatively broad (but the length still exceeding 
the breadth), the tougne is very long and extensile, and the fur 
short aud smooth, ‘This small species inhabits the Malay Peninsula, 
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Tenasserim, Arakan, Chittagong, and the 
Gave hills of India; it inhabits forest districts, and is an expert 
climber, 
Tho earliest known ovcurrence of the genus is in the Lower 
Pliocone of the Indian Stwalik Hills; where it is represented by 
Oy thevbaldt, which was probably the ancestor of the existing 
Melursus. The geuns is represented in the Upper Phoecene of 
Europe by the small U) efruscus sand in the Pleistocene by the exist- 
ing Uv aredos, as welbas by the great extinet Cave- Bear (U7 spelcus), 
distinguished by the complexity of the crowns of the molars and 
