560 CARNIVORA 
the total loss of the three anterior premolars in the adult condition. 
Remains of Bears are also found in cavern-deposits in the north 
of Africa. The small U. namadicus, from the Pleistocene of the 
Narbada valley, India, may have been allied to U. malayanus. 
Melursus—This differs from the true Bears in the first upper 
incisor being absent or shed at a very early age, in the very small 
size of the other teeth, in the very large extensile lips, the deep 
concavity of the palate, and other minor characters. The one 
species, Jf. labiatus, the well-known Sloth-Bear of India, feeds chiefly 
on black ants, termites, beetles, fruit, honey, etc. This species 
inhabits peninsular India, from near the Himalaya to Cape Comorin 
and Ceylon, and its remains are found in the cavern-deposits of 
Madras. The black hair is very long and coarse; there is a light 
horse-shoe-shaped mark on the chest (as in Ursus torquatus), and the 
extremity of the muzzle is of an ashy gray. 
Fic. 255.—.Eluropus melanvleucus. (From Milne-Edwards.) 
Eluropus.2-—Dentition: i 3,¢4, p4,m2; total 40. Premolars 
large, increasing in size from first to last, and two-rooted except the 
first. First upper molar with quadrate crown, broader than long ; 
second larger than the first. Cranium with zygomatic arches and 
sagittal crest immensely developed, and ascending ramus of mandible 
very high, giving greater spaces for attachments of temporal muscle 
than in any other existing member of the order. Facial portion 
1 Meyer, Uebersicht d. nev. Zool. Entdeckungen, ete. p. 155 (1793). 
2 A. Milne-Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Muséum, vol. vii. Bull. p- §8 (1871). 
Amended from ‘* Ailuropus.” 
