CASIDE 361 
short. Bony palate not extending behind the last molar tooth. 
No alisphenoid canal. Feet bear-like, but soles more hairy, and 
perhaps less completely plantigrade. Fur long and thick. Tail 
very short. One extremely rare species. 4. melanoleucus (Fig. 
256), discovered by Pere David in 1889. in the most inaccessible 
mountains of Moupin in Eastern Tibet. Said to feed principally 
on roots, bamboos, and other vegetables. It is of the size of 
a small Brown Bear, of a white colour, with ears, spots round 
the eves, shoulders and limbs black. In the large size and 
complex crowns of the upper premolars this genus ditfers very 
markedly from the true Bears. The fourth upper premolar (car- 
nassial) makes no approach to the markedly seetorial type presented 
by the corresponding tooth of Hyvnarctus, its structure being, on 
the whole, more like that of 2% irs. 
Extinct Gonere—The genus frefotherium includes some very 
large Bear-like animals from the Pleistocene of South America 
and California, in which 
the dentition departs 
less widely from a nor- 
mal carnivorous type 
than in the true Bears. 
Thus the upper car- 
nassial (Fig. 257). is 
relatively larger than 
in Ursus: while the 
erowns of the upper 
molars are broader and 
shorter. The humerus 
is said to have an 
entepicondylar —— fora- 
men.  Hyenarefas. ot 
the Miocene and Plio- 
eene of Europe and 
Southern Asia. has the 
erowns of the upper 
molars either square or 
triangular: the upper 
carnassial having three 
distinet. lobes to the 
blade, while the lower 
earnassial is practically indistinguishable from that of the Dog-like 
Dinero (p. 558). The proximal extremity of the ulna differs 
from that of Ursvs in having a long olecranon, and thereby re- 
sembles the corresponding bone of the Dezs. Indeed all the 
characters at present available tend to show a complete passage 
trom the Tertiary Dog-like animals. through Dinceyon, Hyenaretis, 
30 
237.— Palate of arciclerivm benariznse. Pleistoeene. 
A Ameriea—} natural size (Prom the Pulawciedoyia 
Indieu.) 
Py) 
