614 INSECTIVORA 
behind the axilla, and their exudation is probably protective, since 
few carnivorous animals will eat the dead bodies of these creatures. 
In both species of Gymnura and in Potumogule large pouches are 
situated on either side of the rectum and discharge their secretions 
by ducts, opening in the first-named genus in front of, and in the 
latter within the margin of the anus. In Centetes the ducts of 
similarly situated racemose glands open by pores at the bottom of 
deep pits placed at either side of the anus. 
The integument is thin, but in many species is lined by a 
muscular coat, which is probably more developed in the Hedge- 
hogs (Lrinaceide) than in any other mammal. In this family 
and the Centetide most of the species are protected by spines 
implanted in the panniculus carnosus muscle, and more or less 
replacing the fur of the upper surface of the body. 
The order is usually divided into two suborders, but the very 
aberrant genus which constitutes the first might well be raised to 
ordinal rank. It has little in common with the true Insectivora, 
but as it certainly belongs to no other of the recognised mammalian 
orders it is retained among them chiefly to avoid the inconvenience 
of increasing the number of ordinal divisions for the sake of a 
single isolated form. 
Suborder DERMOPTERA. 
Upper and lower incisors compressed, multicuspidate, the lower 
deeply pectinated; fore and hind limbs connected by a broad 
integumentary expansion forming a parachute. 
Family GALEOPITHECID®. 
In addition to the characters given under the head of the sub- 
order it may be mentioned that the orbit is nearly surrounded by 
bone, the zygomatic arches are well developed, the tympanic forms 
a bulla, the ulna is distally united with the radius, the tibia and 
fibula are distinct, the pubic symphysis is long, the penis is pendent, 
the testes are received into inguinal pouches, the mamme are 
axillary, the uterus is two-horned, and there is a large cecum. 
Galeopithecus \—Dentition : 1 3,c¢4, p 2, m2; total 34. Second 
upper incisor and canine with two roots. Two species—G@. vlans 
and G. philippinensis. The former, which is distinguished from the 
latter by the form of the upper incisors, has a total length of nearly 
2 feet. The long and slender limbs are connected by a broad 
integumentary expansion extending outwards from the sides of the 
neck and body, and forming also a web between the fingers and 
toes as far as the base of the claws (Fig. 282); the hind limbs are 
1 Pallas, deta Acad, Sei. Imp. Petropolis, vol. iv. pt. 1, p. 208 (1780). 
