630 INSECTIVORA 
Subfamily Talpinge.—Clavicle and humerus very short and 
broad ; manus with a large falciform bone. 
A. First upper incisor much larger than the second (New 
_ World Moles). 
Scalops..—Dentition: i #,¢34, p 3, m2; total 36. Extremity 
of muzzle simple ; hind feet webbed ; tail short and nearly naked. 
Represented by three species in the United States. 
Scapanus.-—Dentition : i 3,¢4, p4,m 4; total 44. Extremity 
of muzzle simple. The two North American species of this genus 
resemble Scalops in general characters, but have a dentition like 
Condylura. The habits are like those of the latter, and the right 
to generic distinction is doubtful. 
Condylura.2— Dentition: i 8, ¢ 4, p 4, m 2; total 44. Ex 
tremity of muzzle surrounded by filiform appendages. The Star- 
nosed Mole (C. cristata) derives its name from the star-like ring of 
appendages at the extremity of the muzzle, with the nostrils in the 
centre. The general contour is Mole-like, but the tail is nearly as 
long as the body, and the manus is somewhat less powerful, with 
its terminal phalanges not cleft. The length of the head and body 
is about 5 inches. This species is common in parts of North 
America, and forms tunnels in the ground like the Common Mole. 
B. First upper incisor scarcely larger than the second (Old 
World Moles). 
Scaptonyx.*—Dentition: i #, ¢4, p 4, m2; total 42. Manus 
moderately broad, as in Urotrichus. Represented only by 8S. fusi- 
caudatus of Eastern Tibet, which may be regarded as connecting 
Talpa with Urotrichus, having the head of the former and the limbs 
of the latter. 
Talpa.’,—Dentition (usually): 7 3, ¢ 3, p 4, m 3; total 44. 
Manus extremely broad. 
This genus includes the true Moles, of which the common 
English Mole ® (Tf. europea) is the type. This animal is about 6 
inches in total length, of which rather more than one inch is occu- 
pied by the tail. The body is elongated and cylindrical, and, owing 
to the very anterior position of the fore limbs, the head appears to 
rest between the shoulders; the muzzle is long and obtusely 
pointed, terminated by the nostrils, which are close together; the 
minute eye is almost hidden by the fur; the ear is without a conch, 
and opens on a level with the surrounding integument. The fore 
limbs are rather short and very muscular, terminating in broad, 
naked, shovel-shaped feet, with the palms normally directed out- 
* Cuvier, ‘‘Tabl. de Classif.” in Leon @ Anat. Comp. vol.i. (1800). 2 Pomel, 
Arch. Sct. Phys. Nat. vol. ix. p. 247 (1848). 3 Iliger, Prodromus Syst. Mamm. 
et Avium, p. 125 (1811). 4 Milne-Edwards, V. Arch. du Muséum, vol. vii. 
Bull. .p. 92 (1872). > Linn, Syst. Not. 12th ed. p. 73 (1766). The following 
account is taken almost entirely from Dr. Dobson. 
