634 INSECTIVORA 
Extinct Genera. —A number of extinct Insectivora from the 
European Tertiaries more or less closely allied to the Moles have 
been described, but since our knowledge of most of them is 
extremely imperfect their precise affinities are in many instances 
problematical. Of these the Lower Miocene Teéracus is said to have 
affinity both with J/yogale and FErinaceus; while the forms 
described as Mysarachne and Echinogale, are considered to connect 
the present with the two preceding families. Plesiosorex is another 
Lower Miocene type known only by the mandible, in which there 
are ten teeth ; it is generally referred to the Alyogalinw. The minute 
Amphidozotherium, of the French Phosphorites, is considered to be 
allied to Urotrichus. 
Family ADAPISORICIDE 
This extinct family is represented by the genera Aduapisorex and 
.tdapisoriculus, of the lowest Eocene of Rheims, which are regarded 
as allied to the Soricide, but somewhat more specialised. In the 
type genus the formula of the lower teeth is 7 2,¢1, p 4, m3; 
the incisors and canine being proclivous, and the molars (of which 
the last is small and without a third lobe) quadritubercular. 
Adapisoriculus is a smaller form with differently shaped molars. 
Here also may be mentioned the genera Orthaspidotherium and 
b Pleuraspidotherium, from the above- 
‘ 7“ mentioned deposits, which are prob- 
me ably members of the present order. 
a @r They appear to have been animals 
p a ne ae oa ‘i heex, SOMeWwhat smaller than a Hedgehog, 
teeth Gf Pcinotninen Gennes with quadritubercular up Pp er molars 
from the Lowest Eocene of Rheims. pr, (Fig. 291), and the hinder premolars 
protocone ; me, metacone; pa, paracone; more complex than those of the 
ie ied ig a aa Erinaceide. In the first-named genus 
the dental formula is i $, ¢ 4, p 4, m 3; the third and fourth upper 
premolars having one outer column. Pleuraspidotherium has ap- 
parently only three premolars, of which the third and fourth 
(Fig. 291) have two outer columns. The humerus in both has 
no entepicondylar foramen, the femur has a third trochanter, and 
the astragalus is vertically perforated. 
Family POTAMOGALIDA, 
Skull with a small brain-case, no zygomatic arch or postorbital 
process, and the tympanic annulate and not forming a bulla. 
Upper molars with the cusps arranged in a broad V, and some- 
what intermediate in structure between those of the preceding and 
succeeding families. No clavicle; pubic symphysis ligamentous ; 
