656 CHIROPTERA 
Fumily RHINOLOPHID.E. 
In all the species of this family the nasal appendages are highly 
developed, and surround the sides of the nasal apertures, which are 
situated in a depression on the upper surface of the muzzle; the 
ears are large and generally separate, without trace of a tragus ; the 
premaxille are rudimentary, suspended from the nasal cartilages, 
and supporting a pair of very small incisors ; the molars have acute 
W-shaped cusps; the skull is large, and the nasal bones which support 
the large nasal cutaneous appendages are much expanded vertically 
and laterally ; in the females a pair of teat-like appendages are 
found in front of the pubis; and the tail is long and produced to 
the posterior margin of the interfemoral membrane. This family is 
found in the temperate and tropical parts of the eastern hemisphere. 
From whatever point of view the Lhinolophide may be con- 
sidered, they are evidently the most highly organised of insect- 
ivorous Bats. In them the osseous and cutaneous systems reach the 
most elaborate development. Compared with those of the present 
family the bones of the extremities and the flying-membranes of 
other Bats appear coarsely formed, and even their teeth seem less 
perfectly fitted to crush the hard bodies of insects. The very com- 
plicated nasal appendages, which evidently act as delicate organs of 
special perception, here reach their highest development, and the 
differences in their form afford valuable characters in the discrimi- 
nation of the species, which resemble one another very closely in 
dentition and in the colour of the fur. 
Subfamily Rhinolophine.—First toe with two, other toes with 
three, phalanges each ; ilio-pectineal spine 
not connected by bone with the antero- 
inferior surface of the ilium. 
Lhinolophus.\—Dentition: i 3, ¢ 1, p 3, 
m 3; total 32. Noseleaf (Fig. 304) with a 
central process behind and between the nasal 
orifices, posterior extremity lanceolate, anti- 
tragus large. Includes more than twenty 
species. J?. /uctus, in which the forearm has a 
length of 3 inches, isthe largest species, inhabit- 
ing elevated hill tracts in India and Malayana ; 
Fra. 804.—Head of Indian £2. Aapposiderus of Europe, extending into 
Horse-shoe Bat (hinolophus South England and Ireland, forearm 1:5 
mitratus). (From Dobson, . : 
Monogr. -Asiat. Chiropt.) inches, is one of the smallest ; and 2. Serrum- 
equinuin, with the forearm 2°3 inches in 
length, represents the average size of the species, which are mainly 
distinguished from one another by the form of the nose-leaf. The 
' Geoffroy, Nour, Dict. d' Hist. Nat. vol. xix, p. 383 (1803). 
