RHINOLOPHIDA 657 
last-named species extends from England to Japan, and southward to 
the Cape of Good Hope. The genus is represented in the Himalaya 
by the closely allied /. fragutus, distinguished by having three 
vertical grooves on the lower lip, in place of the single groove found 
in R. ferrum-cquinwn.  Rhinolophus is vepresented in the Upper 
Kocene Phosphorites of Central France by 2. antiguas and J. 
dubivs ; the former appears to have the same dental formula as in 
the existing species, but differs slightly in the structure of some of 
the lower molars, so that it is separated generically by some writers 
under the name of Pseudorhinolophus. The face is also longer than 
in existing forms, and there are certain differences in the structure 
of the skull. -f/estor, from the same deposits, differs from Lhino- 
lophus by the extreme shortness of the nasal region. Pulwenyeteris, 
from the Lower Miocene of France, is said to be allied to Ihino- 
lophus, but the premolars are 8, and the limb bones are stated to 
resemble those of Jo/ossus. 
Subfamily Hipposiderinzs.—Toes equal, of two phalanges each ; 
ilio-pectineal spine united by a bony isthmus with a process derived 
from the antero-inferior surface of the ium. 
Hipposiderus\—Dentition : i3,¢4, p ~y*, m 3; total 30 or 2s. 
Tail well developed. This genus, of which more than twenty 
species have been described, differs 
from Phinolophus in the form of the 
nose-leaf, which is not lanceolate 
behind and is unprovided with a cen- 
tral process covering the nostrils. The 
largest species, //. armiger, appears 
to be the most northerly, having 
been taken at Amoy in China, and 
in the Himalaya at an elevation of 
5,500 feet. Many of the species are — 
provided with a peculiar frontal sac 1° ce Tia 
behind the nose-leaf, rudimentary is77. Viernes 
in’ females (Fig. 305), which the 
animal can evert at pleasure; the sides of this sac secrete a 
waxy substance, and its extremity supports a pencil of straight 
hairs. 
-lnthops°—Like Hipposiderus, but with the tail rudimentary, 
consisting merely of three or four vertebra: hidden in the base of 
the interfemoral membrane. Nose-leaf very complicated, its upright 
transverse portion emarginate above, and the projections rounded 
1 Gray, Proe, Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 53, The Bats of this genus are usually 
desevibed as Phyllorkina, but this uso has been shown to be incorrect ; see Blan- 
ford, Proc, Zool, Soc. USS7. p. 637. 
2-0, Thomas, dan. Mog, Vat. Hist. sev. 6, vol. i. p. 156 (1888). 
12 
