EMBALLONURIDE 667 
ing part passing through and appearing upon its upper surface ; 
the crown of the head is slightly elevated; the pollex and first 
phalanx of the middle finger are moderately 
long; and the number of the premolars is 
always 2. 
Emballonura..—Incisors 3. Extremity of 
the muzzle more or less produced beyond the |’ 
lower lip, forehead flat. Contains some five ~ 
species, inhabiting islands from Madagascar 
through the Malay Archipelago to the Navi- 
gators’ Islands. Fic. 312.—EHar of Emballo- 
Coleiira.2—Incisors 4. Extremity of the eee ns) 
muzzle broad, forehead concave. Has two 
species from Kast Africa and the Seychelles Islands. 
Phynchonycteris.2A—This genus is distinguished from Coleiira by 
the much-produced extremity of the muzzle. The single species, P. 
naso, from Central and South America, is very common in the 
vicinity of streams throughout the tropical parts of these countries ; 
it is usually found during the day resting on the vertical faces of 
rocks, or on the trunks of trees growing over the water, and, owing 
to the peculiar grayish colour of the fur covering the body and 
growing in small tufts from the antebrachial membrane, so as to 
counterfeit the weathered surfaces of rocks and the bark of trees, 
easily escapes notice. As the shades of evening approach it appears 
early on the wing, flying close to the surface of the water, and 
seizing the minute insects that hover over it. 
Saccopteryx.*—Incisors 4. Antebrachial membrane with a pouch 
opening on its upper surface. This genus contains six species from 
Central and South America. In the adult males a valvular longi- 
tudinal opening is found on the upper surface of the membrane, 
varying in position in different species. This opening leads into a 
small pouch (in some species large enough to hold a pea), the 
interior of which is lined with a glandular membrane secreting an 
unctuous substance of a reddish colour with a strong ammoniacal 
odour. The presence of this sac only in males indicates that it 
is a secondary sexual character analogous to the shoulder-pouches 
of Epomophorus and the frontal sacs of Hipposiderus. It is quite 
rudimentary in the females. 
Taphozous.°—Incisors 4; upper pair deciduous. This genus, 
represented by some ten species, inhabiting the tropical and sub- 
tropical parts of all the eastern hemisphere except Polynesia, forms 
the second group of this division, distinguished by the cartilaginous 
1 Temminck (Van der Heeven), Tijdsch. Nat. Ges. 1839, p. 22. 
2 Peters, Monatsber. Ak. Berlin, 1867, p. 479. > Peters, loc, cit. p. 477. 
4 Tlliger, Prodromus Syst. Mami. et Aviwm, p. 121 (1811). 
5 Geoffroy, Deseript. de ? Egypte, vol. ii. p. 126 (1812). 
