668 CHIROPTERA 
premaxillaries, deciduous upper incisors, and the presence of only 
two lower incisors. Most of the species have a peculiar glandular 
sac (Fig. 313) placed between the angles of the lower jaw. This 
is.a sexual character, for, while always more developed in males 
than in females, in some species, although distinct in the male, 
it is quite absent in the female. An open gular sac is wanting 
in both sexes in ZT. melanopogon, but about its usual position the 
openings of small pores may be seen, the secretion exuding from 
Fic. 313.—Heads of Taphozous longimanus, showing relative development of gular sacs in 
male and female. (Dobson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873.) 
which probably causes the hairs to grow very long, forming the 
black beard found in many male specimens of this species. 
In the Diclidwrine division there is but a single genus, repre- 
sented by two species. 
Diclidwrus..—Dentition: 1 4, ¢ 4, p 2, m 3; total 32. Both 
species are from the Neotropical region, the typical D. albus ranging 
as far north as Central America. This Bat resembles the species 
of Taphogous in the form of the head and ears, but, besides other 
characters, differs from all other Bats in possessing a peculiar pouch, 
opening on the centre of the inferior surface of the interfemoral 
membrane ; the extremity of the tail enters this, and perforates its 
fundus. 
The Noctilionine division is likewise represented only by a single 
genus, with two species. This genus connects the present with the 
following family, possessing characters common to both, but also so 
many remarkable special peculiarities as almost to warrant the 
formation of a separate family for its reception. 
Noctilio.2—Dentition: i 2, c4, pi, m3; total 28. The two 
species NV. leporinus and N. albiventer inhabit Central and South 
America. The typical N. leporinus is a Bat of very curious aspect, 
with strangely folded lips, erect cutaneous processes on the chin, 
and enormous feet and claws. The first upper incisors are close 
together, and so large as to conceal the small outer ones, while in 
the lower jaw there is one pair of small incisors. This apparent 
resemblance toa Rodent actually led Linneus to remove this species 
from the Bats and place it in the Rodents. This Bat is remark- 
1 Wied, Jsis, 1819, p. 1629. * Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. vol. i. p. 88 (1766), 
