PHYLLOSTOMATIDA 675 
they are deciduous even in youth. The zygomatic arch is wanting 
in Phyllonyeteris, Glossonycteris, and Cheronycteris. 
The typical species is Glossophaga soricina, which so closely 
resembles Hemiderma brevicauda, both in external form and dentition, 
that it has frequently been confounded with it. Its long fimbriated 
tongue, which it possesses in common with other species of the 
division, led Spix to 
describe it as a blood- 
sucker, believing that 
this organ was used to 
increase the flow of 
blood. This view is, 
however, without found- 
ation, and from later 
observations it is evident 
that the peculiarly Fic. 320.—Head of Cheronycteris menica net, showing 
: fimbriated tongue. (Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus.) 
shaped tongue is used 
by the animal to lick out the pulpy contents of fruits having hard 
rinds. The food of the species of this division appears to consist 
of both fruit and insects, and the long tongue may also be used for 
extracting the latter from the deep corolle of certain flowers. This 
type of tongue is shown in the woodcut of the head of Cheronycteris 
(Fig. 320); and it is paralleled among the Megachiroptera by the 
Carponycteriine Pteropodida. 
The Stenodermatine division is characterised by the muzzle being 
very short and generally broad in front, the distance between the 
eyes nearly always exceeding (rarely equal to) that from the eye to 
the extremity of the muzzle; nose-leaf short, horse-shoe shaped in 
front, lanceolate behind (except in Brachyphylla and Centurio) ; 
interfemoral membrane always concave behind; tail none; inner 
mar, on . the lips fringed with conical papille. Dentition : 
tr =v. pF ca 2 ; the number of the molars being either 3, 3, 
or 3 in ees elds premolars and molars very broad (except 
in Stur nira), the latter with concave or flat crowns margined exter- 
nally by raised cutting-edges. Although the members of this division 
are usually distinguished from those of the Vampirine division by 
the peculiar shortness and breadth of the muzzle and the form of 
the molars, yet certain species of the latter closely resemble those 
of the former in external appearance, agreeing almost absolutely in 
the form of the nose-leaf, of the ears and tragus, and of the warts 
on the chin. These resemblances indicate that, while the form of 
the teeth and jaws has become modified to suit the nature of the 
food, the external characters, being but slightly: affected by this 
cause, have remained much the same. The food of these Bats 
appears to be wholly or in great part fruit. The twenty species 
have been grouped into nine genera, distinguished by the form of 
