678 CHIROPTERA 
are employed. The upper incisor is greatly enlarged, and of some- 
what triangular shape (Fig. 323); the canine, although smaller 
than the incisor, is large and sharp; but the cheek-teeth are very 
small, with laterally compressed crowns rising but slightly above 
the level of the gum, their longitudinally disposed. cutting-edges 
being continuous with the base of the canine and with each other. 
The lower incisors are small, bifid, and separated from the canine, 
with a space in front. The 
lower cheek-teeth are nar- 
row, like those in the upper 
jaw, but the anterior tooth 
is slightly larger than the 
others, and separated by a 
small space from the canine. 
Behind the lower incisors 
the jaw is deeply hollowed 
out to receive the ex- 
tremities of the large upper 
incisors. The exceedingly 
narrow cesophagus opens at 
right angles into the slender, intestinelike stomach, which almost 
immediately terminates on the right, without a distinct pylorus, 
in the duodenum, but on the left forms a greatly elongated fundus, 
bent and folded upon itself, appearing at first sight like part of the 
intestines. This cardiac extremity of the stomach is, for a short 
distance to the left of the entrance of the cesophagus, still very 
narrow, but soon increases in size, till near its termination it 
attains a diameter quite three times that of the short pyloric 
portion. The length of this cardiac diverticulum of the stomach 
appears to vary from 2 to 6 inches, the size in each specimen 
probably depending on the amount of food obtained by the animal 
before it was captured. 
Diphylia.imA small true molar in each jaw, and a rudimentary 
calcar. The single species D. ecaudata inhabits Brazil, and appears 
to be much less abundant than Desmodus rufus, from which, in 
addition to the characters already mentioned, it is distinguished by 
its slightly smaller size, the absence of a groove in the front of the 
lower lip, the non-development of the interfemoral membrane in the 
centre, and the peculiar form of the lower incisors, which are much 
expanded in the direction of the jaws and pectinated, forming a 
semicircular row touching each other, the outer pair being wider 
than the inner ones, and having six notches, the inner pair having 
only three notches. 
Fossil Phyllostomatide.—Remains of Tampyrus spectrum, as well 
as of several species of Phyllostoma or closely allied types, are found 
1 Spix, Sim. e¢ Vesp. Brasil, p. 68 (1823). 
view of upper teeth; b, left lateral view of upper and 
lower teeth. 
