CERCOPITHECIDE 719 
This subfamily comprises the African Baboons, the common 
Indian Monkeys constituting the genus Macacus, together with the 
African Cercopithecus and Cercocebus and a few allied types. 
‘Cynocephalus..—Muzzle much elongated (Fig. 344), with the 
nostrils terminal; ischial callosities very large; tail more or less 
short; muzzle swollen by enlargement of the maxille. Now con- 
fined to Africa and Arabia. 
This genus comprises the typical Baboons, and we may select 
the well-known Mandrill (C. maimon), of tropical West Africa, as a 
good illustrative example. It may be mentioned in passing that 
the name Mandrill appears to have been first introduced into 
English literature by William Smith in his New Voyage to Guinea, 
Fic. 344.—Skeleton of the Chacma Baboon (Cynocephalus porcarius). From De Blainville. 
published in 1744, wherein he mentions among the animals of 
Sierra Leone one “called by the white men in this country Man- 
drill,” but adds, “why it is so called I know not.”? Smith gives 
sufficiently accurate details to show that his animal is not that now 
called Mandrill, but the Chimpanzee. Buffon, however, while 
quoting Smith’s description, transferred the name to the very 
1 Lacépede, ‘‘ Nouv. tabl. méth.” (1799) in Mém. de ? Institut, vol. iii. p. 490 
1801). 
2 : ‘Mandrill’ seems to signify a ‘man-like Ape,’ the word ‘ Drill’ or ‘ Dril’ 
having been anciently employed in England to denote an Ape or Baboon. Thus 
in the fifth edition of Blount’s ‘ Glossographia, or a dictionary interpreting the 
hard words of whatsoever language now used in our refined English tongue . . . 
very useful for all such as desire to understand what they read,’ published in 
1681, I find ‘Dril, a stonecutter’s tool wherewith he bores little holes in marble, 
ete. Also a large overgrown Ape and Baboon, so called.’ ‘Drill’ is used in the 
game sense in Charlton’s Onomasticon Zoicon, 1668. The singular etymology 
of the word given by Buffon seems hardly a probable one.”—Huxley’s Man's 
Place in Nature, p. 10, 1863. 
