720, PRIMATES 
different species now under consideration, and to that it has been 
attached ever since. 
The Baboons generally are distinguished from most other 
Monkeys by the comparative equality of the length of their limbs, 
which with the structure of the vertebral column adapts them 
rather for quadrupedal progression on the ground than for climbing 
among the branches of trees; and some of them, like the South 
African Chacma (C. porcarius), of which the skeleton is shown 
in Fig. 344, live habitually among rocks, and are much less 
completely frugivorous than other Apes. They are also remark- 
able for the great size of their face and jaws as compared with 
the part of the skull which encloses the brain. The Mandrill, 
in addition to these characters, is distinguished by the heaviness 
of its body, stoutness and strength of its limbs, and exceeding 
shortness of its tail, which is a mere stump, not 2 inches long, 
and usually carried erect. Jt is, moreover, remarkable for the 
prominence of its brow ridges, beneath which the small and 
closely approximated eyes are deeply sunk; the immense size of 
the canine teeth; the great development of a pair of oval bony 
prominences on the maxillary bones in front of the orbits, rising on 
each side of the median line of the face, and covered by a longi- 
tudinally ribbed naked skin; and more especially for the extra- 
ordinarily vivid colouring of some parts of the skin. The body 
generally is covered with a full soft coating of hair of a light olive- 
brown above and silvery-gray beneath, and the chin is furnished 
underneath with a small pointed yellow beard. The hair of the 
forehead and temples is directed upwards so as to meet in a point 
on the crown, which gives the head a triangular appearance. The 
ears are naked and of a bluish-black colour. The hands and feet 
are naked and black. A large space around the greatly developed 
ischial callosities, as well as the upper part of the insides of the 
thighs, are naked and of a crimson colour, shading off on the sides to 
lilac or blue, which, depending not upon pigment but upon injec- 
tion of the superficial blood-vessels, varies in intensity according to 
the condition of the animal—increasing under excitement, fading 
during sickness, and disappearing after death. But it is in the face 
that the most remarkable disposition of vivid hues occur, more 
resembling those of a brilliantly coloured flower than what might 
be expected in the cutaneous covering of a mammal. The cheek- 
prominences are of an intense blue, the effect of which is heightened 
by deeply sunk longitudinal furrows of a darker tint, while the 
central line and termination of the nose are a bright scarlet. Not- 
withstanding the beauty of these colours in themselves, the whole 
combination, with the form and expression of features, quite 
justifies Cuvier’s assertion that “il serait difficile de se figurer un 
-6tre plus hideux que le Mandrill.” 
