722 PRIMATES 
It is very noteworthy from a distributional point of view, as 
showing the former intimate connection between the faunas of the 
Oriental and Ethiopian regions, that fossil remains of Baboons have 
been found in the Pleistocene cavern-deposits of Madras, and also 
in the older Pliocene beds of the Siwalik Hills in Northern India ; 
the two species from the latter deposits having been described as 
C. subhimalayanus and C. faleoneri. 
Theropithecus.\—Distinguished from C'ynocephalus by the nostrils 
not being terminal, but situated as in J/acacus. This genus is 
represented by the Abyssinian Gelada (7. geluda) and the allied 
TL. obscurus. 
Cynopithecus.°—The Black Ape of Celebes (C. niger) forms a 
Fic. 346.—The Tibetan Macaque (Macacus tibetanus). Froin Milne-Edwards, Recherches des 
Mammiferes, pl. 34. 
connecting link between the Baboons and the genus Macacus ; the 
skull differing from that of the latter in the development of longi- 
tudinal ridges on the sides of the upper surface of the maxille, as 
in some of the species of Cynocephalus. The muzzle is also more 
produced than in Macacus. 
Macacns.’—Muzzle considerably produced ; nostrils not terminal; 
cheek-pouches and ischial callosities well developed ; tail long, short, 
or absent ; a distinct talon to the third lower molar. 
With the exception of the Barbary Ape (JL. inuus) of Northern 
Africa and Gibraltar, the Macaques are now exclusively Asiatic, 
one species (Fig. 346) occurring in Tibet, and another (JV. speciosus) 
1 T. Geoflroy, Arch. du Muséum, vol. ii. p. 576 (1841). 
* I. Geoffroy, Voyage de Belanger, p. 66 (1834), 
* Lacépede, Mem. de Institut, vol. iii. p, 450 (1801). Amended. 
