HOMINIDE 753 
Labrador, and Nova Scotia, or the purely accidental stranding 
of a canoe containing survivors of a voyage across the Pacific or 
the Atlantic, can have had little appreciable effect upon the char- 
acteristics of the people. It is difficult, therefore, to look upon the 
anomalous and special characters of the American people as the 
effects of crossing, as was suggested in the case of the Australians 
—a consideration which gives more weight to the view of treating 
them as a distinct primary division. 
III. The Caucasian, Eurafrican, or white division, includes the 
two groups called by Professor Huxley Xanthochroi and Melano- 
chroi, which, though differing in colour of eyes and hair, agree so 
closely in all other anatomical characters, so far, at all events, as has 
at present been demonstrated, that it seems preferable to consider 
them as modifications of one great type than as primary divisions 
of the species. Whatever their origin may have been, they are now 
intimately blended, though in different proportions, throughout the 
whole of the region of the earth they inhabit; and it is to the 
rapid extension of both branches of this race that the great changes 
now taking place in the ethnology of the world are mainly due. 
A. The Xanthochroi, or blonde type, with fair hair, eyes, and 
complexion, chiefly inhabit Northern Europe (Scandinavia, Scotland, ~ 
and North Germany), but, although much mixed with the next 
group, they also extend as far as Northern Africa and Afghanistan. 
Their mixture with Mongoloid people has given rise to the Lapps, 
Finns, and some of the tribes of Northern Siberia. 
B. Melanochroi, with black hair and eyes, and skin of almost 
all shades from white to black. They comprise the great majority 
of the inhabitants of Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and South- 
West Asia, and consist mainly of the Aryan, Semitic, and Hamitic 
families. The Dravidians of India, the Veddahs of Ceylon, and 
probably the Ainos of Japan, and the Maoutze of China, also 
belong to this race, which may have contributed something to the 
mixed character of some tribes of Indo-China and the Polynesian 
Islands, and, as before said, have given at least the characters of 
the hair to the otherwise Negroid inhabitants of Australia. In 
Southern India they are largely mixed with a Negrito element, 
and in Africa, where their habitat becomes coterminous with that 
of the Negroes, numerous cross-races have sprung up between them 
all along the frontier line. The ancient Egyptians were nearly pure 
Melanochroi, though often showing in their features traces of their 
frequent intermarriages with their Ethiopian neighbours to the 
south. The Copts and fellahs of modern Egypt are their little- 
changed descendants. 
In offering this scheme of classification of the varieties of the 
human species, it is not suggested that it is one universally accepted 
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