STBUCTUKE AND DEVELOPMENT. 



39 



desmacantha and Lamprothamnium papulosuvi. These 

 bulbils are often 1 mm. or more in diameter and are 

 found singly or in clusters of usually 2-4 (sometimes 



Pio. 12. — Bulbils (type 2) of Chara fragifera (after Giesenhagen) . 

 i. Exterior view of large root-bulbil ( x 15). ii. Longitudinal 

 section of small root-bulbil (x24). Ehizoids showing "double- 

 foot " node. iii. Longitudinal section of stem-bulbil ( x 24) : 

 b, internodes of stem ; c, stem-node. 



more) proceeding from the root-nodes (Figs. Hi, ii). 

 Some bulbils of similar nature but fusiform also occur. 

 Dr. Giesenhagen has carefully investigated the struc- 



Fia. 13.— Bulbils of Chara baltica (after Giesenhagen). i. Multi- 

 cellular root-bulbU of irregular starlilce form ( x c. 7). ii. 

 Unilateral stem-bulbil ( x c. 15) . 



ture and development of the bulbils of G. aspera, and 

 gives a full account of the results with a number of 

 excellent figures, in his valuable ' Untersuchungen 

 iiber die Characeen,' pt. 1 (1902). He finds that this 



