THE PLANT-BODY. 71 



(5) Glands, which are generally short, bearing one or 

 more secreting cells. 



(6) Root-hairs, which are long, thin, single-celled (in 

 mosses a row of cells), and subterranean. 



(7) Sporangia of ferns and their relatives, some of whose 

 interior cells develop into reproductive cells (spores). 



(8) Ovules of flowering plants one or more of whose cells 

 develop into reproductive cells (embryo-sacs). 



125. ■ General Modes of Branching of Members. — All the 

 members of the plant-body may branch. This branching 

 always follows one of two general methods. In the one 

 the apex of the growing member divides into two new 

 growing points, from which branches proceed: this is the 

 Dichotomous mode of branching (Fig. 43). In the other 

 the new' growing points arise laterally while the original 

 apex still retains its place and often its growth : this is the 

 Monopodial mode of branching (Fig. 44.) Both modes 

 are subject to many modifications, the most important of 

 which are briefly indicated in the following table; and 

 moreover a member may branch for a time dichotomously 

 and then monopodially, or the reverse. 



A. DICHOTOMOUS. 



1. Forked dichotomy, in which both branches of each bifurcation are 

 equally developed (Fig. 43, A). 



2. Sympodial dichotomy, in which one of the branches of each bifur- 

 cation develops more than the other. 



a. Helicoid sympodial dichotomy, in which the greater develop- 

 ment is always on one side (Fig. 43, B). 



b. Seorpioid sympodial 9,ichotomy, in which the greater develop- 

 ment is alternately on one side and the other (Fig. 43, (7.) 



B. MONOPODIAl. 



1. Botryose monopodium, in which, as a rule, the axis continues to 

 grow, and retains its ascendency over its lateral branches (Fig. 44). 



