180 



BOTANY. 



bers of this order, aud are in reality minute truffles. The 

 conidial stage is the common Blue Mould on decaying fruit 

 and pastry (Pig. 103). The sexual organs resemble those 





Fio. 103. 



Fig. 103. 



Fig. 102.—^, a small slice of the spore-fruit of a truffle (Tuber melano- 

 sporum), showing sacs and spores ; B, a sac audits spores, more enlarged. 



Fig. 103.— a filament of Blue Mould (Penicillium chartarum), bearing 

 oonidia. At the side is shown an isolated chain of conidia. 



of the herbarium-mould, and the spore-fruit is a minute 

 truffle-like body as large as a coarse sand-grain. 



Practical Studies. — (a) Truffles are natives of Europe, but they may 

 be obtained for study in our markets. Make tbin cross-sections of 

 tbe large spore-fruit, and examine the spores and spore-sacs. 



(6) Blue Mould may be obtained from decaying fruit, pastry, and 

 frequently upon ink. 



Systematic Litei'ature. — Saccardo, Sylloge Fungorum, 8 : 863-908. 



327. The Black Fungi (Order 14. Pyeenomycete.e). — 

 The plants of this order are parasitic or saprophytic fila- 



