PTERIDOPHTTA. 235 



Practical Studies. — {a) Secure a few fresh or alcoholic specimens 

 of various kinds of Lycopods in fruit. The Little Club-mosses may 

 be readily obtained in plant-houses. Make cross-sections of the 

 stems and study the fibro-vascular bundles, which in Lycopodium are 

 imbedded in a thick mass of fibrous tissue. Examine the leaves, 

 noting the small fibro-vascular bundle in the midrib. Study the 

 epidermis, which contains numerous breathing-pores. 



(6) Carefully dissect out from the fruiting cone of a Little Club, 

 moss several spore-cases, the lower ones with four large spores, the 

 upper with many small spores. Examine in like manner a cone of 

 Lycopodiiim, in which but one kind of spore will be found. 



(c) Search the borders of lakes, ponds, ditches, and slow streams 

 for Quill worts, which may be at once distinguished from grasses, 

 rushes, etc., by the spore-cases on the bases of the leaves. Although 

 they are rarely collected, they may doubtless be found in almost 

 every locality in the United States. 



Systematic Literature. — Underwood, Our Native Ferns and Their 

 Allies, 116-125. Gray, Manual of Botany, 695-700. pi. 21 (6th 

 edition). Baker, Handbook of the Fern Allies, 7-134. 



