CHAPTEK XIII. 



PRACTICAL STUDIES IN THE GROSS ANATOMY OF THE 

 ANGIOSPERMS. 



INTEODUCTIOK. 



542. These " studies " are designed to be used as a guide 

 in the actual study of the gross anatomy of plants, and the 

 teacher is implored not to require pupils to memorize them 

 for recitation. Let it be borne in mind that Botany is the 

 study of plants, not the study of hooks. Let this chapter 

 be a guide, and nothing more. 



543. It is suggested that the pupil should make a com- 

 plete examination of a plant, following the order given, and 

 making a careful record of his observations. The descrip- 

 tive terms commonly used in manuals of botany are intro- 

 duced for the use of the pupil in making his record, and 

 with these he should familiarize himself as soon as possible. 

 The pupil may now be examined upon the structure of the 

 plant he has studied, and may be required to define the 

 descriptive terms he has used in his work. However, the 

 teacher is again warned not to reqaire a memorizing of 

 these terms before the pupil has made their acquaintance 

 by actual examination. 



544. A dozen plants carefnlly examined throughout 

 should make the pupil sufficiently familiar with the gross 

 anatomy of angiosperms, and the common terms used in 

 descriptive botany so that any of the ordinary systematic 



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