310 



BOTANY. 



be distinct, forming the apocarpous gyncecium ; or they may be coal- 

 escent into one compound organ, the syncarpous gynoecium. In the 

 former case the term pistil is applied to each carpel, and in the latter 

 to the compound organ. Pistils are thus of two kinds, simple and 

 compound ; the simple pistil is synonymous with carpel ; the com- 

 pound pistil with syncarpous gynoecium. (Fig. 308.) 



9 



12 3 4 5 



Fig. 208.— "Various forms of the gynoecium : 1, monocarpellary; 2, tricar- 

 pellary ; 3 and 4, pentaoarpellary ; 5, polycarpellary. i and 5 are apocar- 

 pous ; 2 and 3 are syncarpous. In 1 a is the ovary ; c, the style ; ft, the 

 stigma. 



Simple Pistil — In the simple pistil the ovules usually grow out 

 from the united margins (the ventral suture) of the carpophyll ; the 

 internal ridge or projection upon which they are borne is the pla- 

 centa. Sometimes the ovules are erect — i.e., they grow upward from 



12 3 i 



Fig. 209.— Simple pistils. 1 and 2 In longitudinal section ; 3 and 4 in 

 cross-section. 



the bottom of the ovary — and when single appear to be direct con- 

 tinuations of the flower-axis. Suspended ovules — i.e., those growing 

 from the apex of the ovary-cavity — are also common. (Pig. 209.) 



