340 BOTANY. 



attached to tte corolla, their anthers mostly connate ; ovary 1-celled, 

 1-ovuled. 



Family Valerianaceae : Herbs (and shrubs) with opposite leaves ; 

 flowers cymose, corymbose, or solitary ; anthers free ; ovules pendu- 

 lous. (Sp. 375.) 



Family Dipsaceae (Teaselworts) : Herbs (and shrubs) with opposite 

 or whorled leaves ; flowers in involucrate heads ; anthers free ; 

 ovule pendulous. (Sp. 150.) 



Family Calyceracese : Herbs with alternate leaves ; flowers in 

 involucrate heads anthers connate ; ovule pendulous. (Sp. 23.) 



Family Compositse (Composites) : Herbs, shrubs (and trees) with 

 opposite or alternate leaves ; flowers in involucrate heads ; anthers 

 connate ; ovule erect. (Sp. 10,300.) 



Systematic Literature. — There is no complete Flora of the Angio- 

 sperms of the Uni ted States. The gamopetalous families have been 

 completed in Gray's " Synoptical Flora of North America." For the 

 remaining flowering plants we must make use of the various local 

 Floras, as follows : 



For the Northeastern United States (i.e., north of North Carolina 

 and Tennessee, and west to the 100th meridian), Gray's " Manual of 

 Botany " (6th edition). 



For the Southeastern United States (i.e., south of the preceding, 

 and west to the Mississippi River), Chapman's " Flora of the Southern 

 United States." 



For the Pacific coast region of the United States, Watson's "Botany 

 of California," Rattan's "Popular California Flora," Greene's 

 "Manual of the Bay Region Botany." 



For the Rocky Mountains and the Plains, Coulter's "Manual of 

 Rocky Mountain Botany." 



For Western Texas and the adjacent parts of New Mexico, Coulter's 

 "Flora of Western Texas." 



The Great Basin of Utah and Nevada, and the Arizona region, have 

 no manuals as yet. For these Watson's and Rothrock's reports will 

 render good service. 



The student may profitably consult Bentham and Hooker's " Genera 

 Plantarum," De Candolle's " Prodromus," and Engler and Prantl's 

 "NatUrllchen Pflanzenf amilien. " 



