DEFINITIONS. 27 



money returns or of the capital invested in the soil and standing 

 crop ; and (ii) the Exploitability which aims exclusively at secur- 

 ing the highest possible percentage of profits on the capital invested. 



The first kind of Exploitability we will term Economic. It 

 may be either Quantitative or Qualitative or National, accord- 

 ing to circumstances. We will call it QUANTITATIVE, when the 

 object in view is simply to obtain the maximum quantity of produce 

 in a given time ; Qualitative or relative to the Most Useful 

 Production, when the forest is required to furnish the most useful 

 descriptions of wood and timber in demand, independently of any 

 other consideration ; National when it is proposed to combine, 

 within the measure of the possible, the maximum of usefulness with 

 the most considerable production of material. The second generic 

 kind oi exploitability we will designate Commercial Exploita- 

 bility or Exploitability relative to the Largest Income. 



From what precedes it follows that the choice of the kind of 

 Exploitability to be adopted in any given case depends entirely on 

 the object sought by the owner in growing his forest. 



By the term Kotation we will denote the number of years fixed for 

 the successive exploitation and regeneration of all the crops in a forest. 

 The length of the rotation to be adopted in any case depends on the 

 Exploitability and Regime chosen. In fixing it, account has also to 

 be taken of the physical conditions of growth obtaining in the 

 forest under consideration, viz., soil, climate, and species. And as 

 in any forest these conditions are very different for its different com- 

 ponent masses, it becomes expedient, in order to make the most 

 of the forest as a whole, to consider each of these large masses 

 separately, and, when that is possible, to treat it as an integral for- 

 est in itself. 



Each such mass, when treated as an independent forest, we will 

 designate a Working Circle. A copse t in which one twenty-fifth 



tThe reader will observe that both the words "Copse" and "Coppice" occur 

 in this translation ; bnf he will notice that they are not employed indifferently 

 one for the other. The distinction maintained between them throughout this 

 work is as follows; — 



A copse (always a concrete noun)— a forest or collection of trees composed 

 chiefly of shoots from the stool. 



To copse — to fell any forest or collection of trees in such a manner that the 

 new crop shall be composed chiefly of shoots from the stools of the stock felled. 



Coppice (always an abstract n oue) — the system or B4gime in which repro. 

 duction IS obtained chiefly from stool regrowth (Traiu.} 



