REGIME 37 



for the ordinary industries, which consume enormous quantities of 

 timber. A consideration of the defects and good qualities of the 

 timber produced is, as a rule, insufficient to determine in any given 

 case the choice of the Regime to adopt, and only influences the man- 

 ner of its application ; for the end to be kept in view is to obtain by 

 means of each Regime wood possessing the good qualities peculiar to 

 it, while minimising the bad qualities by adopting a suitable method 

 of treatment. 



§ 2. Income. 



The next subject for examination, after the utility of the wood 

 produced, is its money value ; it Is on this chiefly that the income 

 derived from a forest depends. We have seen that the yield of high 

 forests is larger than that of copses, and, more than this, that the 

 produce of tlie former, at least a great proportion of it, possesses a 

 distinctive character and commands a higher money value. Thus, for 

 instance, the firewood derived from a copse is worth about 25 shillings 

 per 100 cubic feet, while the timber of a high forest can fetch 

 75, 100, and up to 125 shillings and even more per 100 cubic feet 

 Hence it follows that the income yielded by a high forest is, area for 

 area, larger than that obtained from a copse.^ But what is required 

 in proposing the Regime to apply to any given forest, is to compare 

 the income derived from it under the Regime hitherto in force with 

 the income that may be expected under another Regime. For this 

 comparison the facts available are of an extremely varied nature. 



The income yielded by copses with standards, which of course 

 produce timber suited for the purposes of the builder and the artificer 

 is, as a rule, intermediate between that of simple copses and that of 

 high forests. It is very different according to the number and size 

 of the standards. But it is seldom that these forests return as much 

 as £32 per acre for the whole term of a Rotation of 30 years. 



Whatever other circumstances may be, for the purpose of a fair 

 comparison we must always take gross income, irrespective of ex- 



(1) A high forest must be in a bad state to yield less than 32 shillings per 

 acre per annum, whereas there are few copses that return as much as J 6 shillings 

 under the same circumstances. (Author.) 



The copses of the Central Provinces, consisting for the most part of open 

 scrub in which the inferior and at present unmarketable species predominate, 

 do not yield even 1 shilling per acre per annum under the most favorable 

 circumstances (Translator.) 



