gg SURVEY OP COMPAETMENTS. 



connoitre them thoroughly, he has often to move about a great deal. 

 On level ground he must satisfy himself with respect to their situa- 

 tion and "relative positions. In hilly or mountainous country he 

 may have to station himself on some high distant points and even 

 on the slope across the valley below him, if he wishes to form an 

 accurate Idea of the configuration of the ground. This work, apart 

 from the object necessitating it, is full of instruction for him and' 

 gives breadth to his views. 



§ 3. Survey of the Compartments. 



The compartments once formed, it remains to ascertain their 

 area, situation and form by means of a regular survey. This sur- 

 vey must be' accurate ; not that wj^ihout a thoroughly accurate sur- 

 vey we could not determine the right treatment to apply or the 

 yield of the forest, whether that be based on cubical contents or 

 area ; but with only an approximately correct survey, it would be 

 impossible to estimate all the resources of the forest and draw up a 

 true and complete inventory of it. 



A general series of levels may be taken with advantage, as they 

 may prove useful in perfecting the organisation of the forest, especi- 

 ally if the surface of the country is even. With the configuration of 

 the ground delineated on the map, it is easy to choose lines for roads , 

 Such a map may be turned to account even in laying out the 

 various paths to be cleared, which also can serve as export lines.^ 



The above are the only survey operations that may be required 

 in organising a forest. When the area of the forest is considerable, 



(1) The laying out or straightening of roads forming a complete network 

 connecting all the various portions of a forest with the principal trade routes, is 

 a work quite distinct from the organisation itself of the forest. It is expedient, 

 when that is possible, to allow both these works to go on hand in hand and iu 

 direct connection with one anothei-. Well-designed and well-constructed roads 

 adorn as "well as enrich a forest. If they are laid out "simultaneously with the 

 organisation of the forest, they simplify the formation of the compartments and 

 serve as a sort of frame- work for the latter, so that a complete harmony is at 

 once established between the network of export lines and the series of compart- 

 ments. 



But although it is desirable to devise a system of export roads while the out- 

 door work of the organisation is going on, it is seldom possible to lay out or 

 even design the complete network at once, except at the risk of making some 

 useless ones, and others that do not accord with the Organisation Project. It 

 is, therefore, enough if only those roads are laid out whUe the organisation is go- 

 ing on, the necessity of which is clear and undeniable. Whatever be done, what- 

 ever amount of foresight exercised, the future will always necessitate modifica- 

 tions in the network of roads as in the prescriptions of the organisation itself. 



